PLATE XCVIII. 
1, 2. Serpula Triserrata. ( Three-serrated Serpula.) Tube attached, thick, triangular, with three, thin, serrated keels upen its upper angle. 
3. Vermilia Vermicularis. (Worm-like Vermilia.) Tube cylindrical, transversely wrinkled, enlarging, smaller end terminating in line point. 
4. V. Triquetra. (Triangular Vermilia.) Tube strong, wrinkled, twisted, contorted ; sometimes straight or flexuous, carinated ; base spreading, 
triangular. 5. V. Minuta. (Minute Vermilia .) Tube smooth, semi-lunar; aperture sub-triangular, increasing from a sharp point; minute. 
C. S. Obtusa. (Obtuse Serpula.) Obtusely quadrangular, smooth; with obtuse, thick keel on flattened back; edges of margin produced, bilobate, 
thickened; base expanded. 7. S. Carinella. (Small-keeled Seipula.) Cylindrical, adherent, tortuous, tapering towards apex; with small, 
longitudinal keel, disappearing towards aperture. 8. S. Plexus. ( Woven Serjmla.) Cylindrical, smooth, curved, interwoven into masses ; 
tube diminishing. 9,10. S. Tenuis. (Thin Serpula.) Cylindrical, with minute keel on back and a few, acute rings; shell thin; occurs in 
groups. 11. S. Rustica. (Elide Serpula.) Tube quadrangular ; angles obtuse, becoming curved and interrupted as tube increases, eventually 
taking the shape of nodules, surrounding cylindrical tube. 11.* S. Vermes. (Worm Serpula.) Tube, increasing with age. and with deepisli 
keel on transversely wrinkled surface. 12. S. Tetragona. (Tetragonal Serjmla.) Tube very long, narrow, unattached; four-sided; flat 
externally, with prominent angles; aperture round. 13. S. Deplexa. (Winding Serpula.) Tube cylindrical, smooth, winding in different 
directions. 14. S. Filiformis. (Thread-shaped Serpula.) Tube smooth, cylindrical; slightly curved, consisting of masses side by side; 
sometimes in branched masses. 15. V. Pentangulata. (Five-sided Vermilia.) Tube five-sided, smooth; keel acute; aperture small, 
circular. 10. V, Sulcata. (Furrowed Vermilia.) Tube elevated ; back and sides compressed; with thick, longitudinal keel along centre of 
back, with narrow sulcus on each side; surface irregular, with strong lines of growth. 17. S. Tuba. (Tubular Seipula.) Tubes simple, 
generally solitary ; diameter uniform ; shell thin. 18. S. Variabilis. (Variable Serpula.) Tube cylindrical, rough, with irregular suture on 
one or more sides ; considerably attached to extraneous bodies ; in young state attached portion triangular. 11). V. Tricuspidata. (Three- 
pointed Vermilia.) Smooth, glossy, diaphanous, sub-triangular, contorted; base spreading, tapering to a fine point; back, with elevated, sharp 
ridge, finely serrated; aperture large, orbicular, with tooth-like termination of keel over it. 20, 21, 35. S. Runcinata. (Saw-like Serpula.) 
Sub-triangular, tortuous; with three, strongly serrated, longitudinal keels on back; aperture rounded; base expanded. 22. S. Socialis. 
( Associated Serpula.) Tube long, thin, smooth, thread-like, straight, loose or bent all ways, massed together in bundles two or four inches long; 
single tubes equally thick throughout; fasciculi of different dimensions. 23. S. Articulata. (Articulated Seipula.) Tube quadrangular, 
with rings, each with four, oval tubercles; angles rouuded ; aperture circular. 24, 25. V. Crassa. ( Thick Vermilia.) Tubo acutely conical; 
externally triangular, rouuded within; edges waved, two attached to extraneous matter. 20. S. Compressa. (Compressed Serpula.) 
Lanceolate, eompresFed, diminishing, smooth; slightly tortuous; port of tube free. 27. Cyclogyra Granulata. ((drained Cyclogyra.) 
Discoidal, thick; surface, with rows of prominent grains ; aperture circular, with lip fringed with protuberant grains. Diameter, J in. 28. S. 
Tricarinata. (Three-keeled Serpula.) Aperture reflected, surface smooth, with three, thick keels ; aperture circular, with two, thickened lobes 
at base; edge thin. 29,49. Spirorbis CarinatUS. (Keeled Spirorbis.) Exterior volution angulated, with dorsal keel; interior volutions 
concealed; umbilicated ; aperture orbicular. 30. V. Macropus. (Macropus Vermilia.) Tube thick, waved, increasing, triquetrous; front 
sulcated ; aperture minute, round, elevated by a thick mass of testaceous matter. 31, 45. V. Ampullacea. (Bottle-shaped Vermilia.) Tube 
thick, irregular, angulated, with orbicular enlargement near circular aperture, with notched keel on back. 32. S. Lacerata. (Lacerated 
Serpula.) Tube curved, circular, roughish ; aperture round, with slight scar; shell thick. 33. S. Heptagona. (Seven-sided Serjmla.) Tube 
tapering, with seven, rounded, longitudinal keels ; aperture lieptagonal. 34. S. Contracta. (Contracted Serpula.) Tube circular, decreasing, 
abruptly contracted at smaller end. 36. S. Fluctuata. (Fluctuating Seipula.) Circular; surface smooth, with five, undulating, wire-like, 
low keels; surface of attachment small. 37. S. Squamosa. (Scaly Serjmla.) Compressed; rapidly increasing in width; surface, with keel 
along hack and with scales. 38. S. Extensa. ( Swollen Serpula.) Cylindrical, tumid, smooth ; aperture circular. 39. Serpulites 
Longissimus. (Van/ Long Serpulites.) Lengthened; diameter almost unifoim ; compressed, smooth, tortuous; composed of thin lamina) of 
shell and much animal matter. 40. S. Antiquata. (Antiquated Serpula.) Cylindrical, decreasing; surface uneven, with transverse, 
irregular rings ; part adherent, by expansion of tube ; margin of aperture obtuse. 41. S. Plana, (Flat Serpula.) Convoluted, depressed ; 
surface smooth; aperture circular. 42. S. Triangulata. (Triangular Serpula.) Rounded, Emootli, triangular on back; central angle 
elevated into keel; surface, with circular lines of growth ; adherent. 43. S. Capitata. (Headed Serpula.) Tube circular, smooth, variously 
bent, with irregular rings ; with a large termination in form of a head. 44. S. MinutUS. (Minute Spirorbis.) Sinistral; inner volutions 
concealed; surface smooth. Diameter, less than ^ in. 40. S. Intestinalis. (Intestinal Seipula.) Outer portion of tube straight, lower 
portion twisted ; surface roughisli, with waved keel on back; apeTture round ; shell strong. 47. S. Vortex. (Vortex Seipula.) 48. S. 
Nautiloides. (Nautilus-like Sjnrorbis.) With three or four, lateral volutions; rounded about, with transverse wrinkles ; central volution forming 
an umbilicus; base fiat, expanded ; aperture sub-triangular. 50. CorilUOides Major. (Greater Cornuoides.) Smooth, with three, cylindrical 
volutions, exterior one abruptly increasing, prolonged into lengthened, cylindrical, straight tune ; aperture orbicular. Diameter, J in. 51. S. 
CorrugatUS. (Wrinkled Sjnrorbis.) Strong; last and second volutions only visible; deeply umbilicated; aperture orbicular. Diameter, £ in. 
52. S. GranulatUS. (Grained Spirorbis.) Sub-depressed, with volutions deeply grooved, spirally and transversely wrinkled; umbilicated; 
aperture orbicular, with annular margin. Diameter, | in. 53. S. Sinistrorsus. (Sinistral tSpirorbis.) Sub-depressed ; with two or three, 
sub-cylindrical, sinistral volutions; wrinkled; lateral; aperture sub-triangular. Diameter, * in. 54. V. Concava. ( Concave Vermilia.) 
Discoidal, involute, concave on flattened side; surface smooth, even ; last volution only slightly attached. 55. V. Ovata. (Ovate Vermilia .) 
Discoidal, involute, ovate, more concave below than above. 56. S. HeterostrophllS. (Eeversed Spirorbis.) With two or three, reversed 
volutions, and three, lateral, spiral ridges, crossed by strong wrinkles; base flat, spreading; aperture orbicular. Diameter, J in. 57. V. 
Umbonata. (Shield Vennilia.) Discoidal, involute, umbonated above, concave below ; smaller volution lost in umbo. 58. Dentalium 
Septangular©. (Seven-angled Dentalium.) Smooth, shining, tapering to a pervious point; with seven, strong, longitudinal, smooth ribs. 
59. D. DeCUSSatum. (Decussated Dentalium.) Surface, with about twenty, longitudinal strife and Beveral, obscure, intervening ones, with many, 
distinct lines of growth; aperture elliptical. 60. D. Strangulatum. ( Strangled Dentalium.) Cylindrical; scarcely tapering; smooth; 
with compressed, narrow space near base. 61. D. Anceps. (Obscure Dentalium.) Arcuated; with longitudinal ribs for one-third of length 
from apex; one rib on each side prominent, sharp; lower part smooth; aperture round. 62. D. Nitens. (Shining Dentalium.) Almost 
straight; tapering towards smaller end; aperture at point circular; aperture expanded; surface even, shining. 63. D. Elliptlcum. 
(Elliptical Dentalium.) Straight, abruptly tapering, compressed ; surface uneven, with rough lines of grow th ; aperture circular, with external edge 
elliptical. 64. D. Entale. (Entalis Dentalium.) Slender, smooth, glossy, arcuated, tapering to small, pervious point, with a few, transverse 
wrinkles. 65. D. Medium. (Middle-sized Dentalium.) Tapering, trumpet-sliaped internally; aperture circular, wide; lip sharp; surface, 
with transverse stria) or conspicuous lines of growth; shell thin. 66. Serpula. See 75. 67. D. Tentaculites. 68. D. Giganteum. 
(Gigantic Dentalium.) Arcuated, smooth; with Beveral, strong sulci at narrowed, apical end ; with narrow lino more than half the length from the 
base; surf ace smooth. 69. D. Striatum. (Striated Dentalium .) Surface, with tenor eleven, regular, longitudinal, acute, prominent stria), 
producing triangular appearance ; between larger stria* one to four, minute, intervening ones, with many lines of growth ; aperture circular. Length, 
2 in. 70,76. D. Incrassatum. (Thickened Dentalium.) Tapered, curved, swelling near circular aperture, with sharp lip; surface smooth. 
71. D. Cylindricum. (Cylindrical Dentalium.) Straight, scarcely tapering, cylindrical, smooth; aperture circular. 72. D. Planum. 
(Plain Dentaliim.) Tapering, curving; surface smooth; aperture circular, with thickened lip, shaqr at edge; small end acute. Length, 1 in. 
73. D. Costatum. (Ribbed Dentalium.) Surface, with twelve to fifteen, close-set ribs, crossed by obscure fines of growth; aperture circular- 
74. D. Acuminatum. (Pointed Dentalium.) Arcuated, smooth ; surface, with waved lines of growth ; aperture of smaller end smooth, acute at 
edge. 75. S. Vertebralis. (Vertebral Seipula.) Tube quadrangular, with obtuse, longitudinal tubercles in rings, four on each ring. 
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