50 
OIL AND GAS; OHIO, WEST VIRGINIA, PENNSYLVANIA. 
townships. The value of this coal bed as a geologic marker lies in 
the fact that it is best exposed in the northern portion of the Clays- 
ville quadrangle, where the outcrops of the Upper Washington 
limestone are scanty or entirely wanting. The exposures of these 
two beds overlap sufficiently to allow accurate measurement of the 
interval between them. More than 40 measurements were made, 
ranging from 15G to 168 feet, showing an average of 162 feet. 
The Waynesburg coal marks the top of the Monongahela forma¬ 
tion and is next to the Washington coal in importance in the Clays- 
ville quadrangle. Its southern line of outcrop is in the valley of 
Dutch Fork near Budaville, Donegal Township; in the valley of 
Buffalo Creek just south of Taylorstown; and in Chartiers Creek in 
the vicinity of Washington. From these points northward its area 
of outcrop widens to the border of the quadrangle. No direct meas¬ 
urements were made of the distance between this bed and the Upper 
Washington limestone, because of the difficulty of finding outcrops 
of both near enough to eliminate the dip. Good measurements were 
obtained, however, by adding the distance between the Waynesburg 
and Washington coal beds to that found at other places in the imme¬ 
diate vicinity between the Washington coal and the Upper Washing¬ 
ton limestone. The mean interval, as determined from over 30 
measurements, is 275 feet. 
GEOLOGIC FEATURES BELOW THE SURFACE. 
IMPORTANT HORIZON. 
Below the A\ aynesburg coal the next important geologic marker 
is the Pittsburg coal. This bed does not outcrop in the Claysville 
quadrangle, but a general knowledge of it has been obtained from 
mine shafts and from deep wells. It is only a few feet under cover 
at the point where Chartiers Creek leaves the quadrangle, but 
throughout most of the area it lies so far below the surface that it 
has not yet been mined, though it is everywhere accessible. Its dis¬ 
tance below the Upper Washington limestone increases from north 
to south at a fairly uniform rate. Over Hopewell, Independence, 
Chartiers, and the northern portion of Canton townships the interval 
is about 550 feet. Through the middle tier of townships it gradually 
increases from 600 to 625 feet at their south edges, from which to 
the south border of the quadrangle the distance appears to increase 
more rapidly, reaching a maximum of about 700 feet, though the 
information is meager, as few wells have been drilled in this vicinity. 
Of the rocks below the Pittsburg coal direct information comes 
from the logs of deep wells. Within the Claysville quadrangle over 
1,200 veils have been drilled to depths varying from a few hundred 
