GEOLOGY OF OIL AND GAS FIELDS IN STEUBENVILLE, 
BURGETTSTOWN, AND CLAYSVILLE QUADRANGLES, 
OHIO WEST VIRGINIA AND PENNSYLVANIA. 
By W. T. Griswold and M. J. Munn. 
PART I.—GENERAL FEATURES OF THE REGION. 
INTRODUCTION. 
This paper contains the results of a study of the geologic condi¬ 
tions which accompany or control the accumulation of oil and gas in 
the central part of the Appalachian oil fields: It treats of conditions 
in .the Steubenville quadrangle, in Ohio, West Virginia, and Penn¬ 
sylvania, and the Burgettstown and Claysville quadrangles, in Penn¬ 
sylvania. Each quadrangle covers about 227 square miles. The 
principal oil-producing sand in the Steubenville quadrangle is the 
Berea sand; in the Burgettstown quadrangle, the Hundred-foot sand; 
and in the Claysville quadrangle, the Gordon, Fourth, and Fifth 
sands. The conditions in these three quadrangles may be regarded 
as typical of the various conditions under which oil and gas occur in 
the Appalachian field, and for this reason the first detailed study 
was undertaken in them. 
The method of study was to map, by means of contour lines, the 
geologic structure of some prominent bed of rocks, such as sandstone, 
limestone, or coal, which shows at many places on the surface, and 
which is easily identifiable; then, by means of information gained 
from the wells already drilled, the depth of the oil sand below the 
reference stratum was determined wherever a well had been drilled, 
and from these data a contoured map of the oil sand was constructed. 
This map shows the oil sand as if everything had been removed and 
its upper surface were open to inspection. In this way the relation 
of the producing oil fields to the geologic structure can be studied. 
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