CHAPTER II. 
DETAILED GEOLOGY OF THE STEUBENVILLE 
QUADRANGLE. 
Ill this chapter a concise statement will be given of the more impor¬ 
tant formations outcropping in the different townships, and a descrip¬ 
tion of the condition of the prominent marking bed in different parts 
of each township. The intervals obtained by comparing the eleva¬ 
tions of different beds will be given in tabulated form. 
KNOX TOWNSHIP, JEFFERSON COUNTY, OHIO. 
Knox Township, which reaches beyond the northern limit of the 
quadrangle, presents a geologic section from the middle of the 
Monongahela to the base of the Allegheny formation. Town Fork 
of Yellow Creek has cut a deep valley in the west side, and Ohio 
River bounds it on the east side. The formations rise from a point 
west of Knoxville both to the east and west, and slightly to the south. 
Benwood limestone .—Along the ridge pike from Knoxville to 
Osage the lower ledges of the Benwood limestone occur in the hills. 
Meigs Creek coal .—On both the north and the south sides of this 
ridge the Meigs Creek coal outcrops some distance from the summit. 
It is associated with shale, and has a thickness of less than 2 feet. 
Pittsburg coal .—Northwest of Knoxville the Pittsburg coal out¬ 
crops at the base of the hills. From this point it rises rapidly to the 
east, reaching the top of the higher summits in a north-south line 
about 1 mile east of Knoxville. To the west also the coal rises, but 
not so rapidly. Along the ridge road from Osage to Richmond it is 
caught by the higher knobs. In the central part of the township 
the coal is well under cover, and has been opened for mining in a 
number of places. The bed is generally accompanied by two lime¬ 
stones, one from 11 to 13 feet above and the other from 1 to 5 feet 
below. It is also accompanied by the small Rider coal bed, which 
maintains a distance of 25 to 30 feet above the main bed. Two 
determinations were made of the interval between the Meigs Creek 
coal and the Pittsburg coal, as follows: 
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