DETAILED GEOLOGY OF BURGETTSTOWN QUADRANGLE. 117 
Conemaugh formation .—The Pittsburg limestone is present through¬ 
out the township, about 18 feet below the coal. In some localities a 
second limestone bed occurs at 45 to 50 feet below the coal. The 
streams do not cut deep enough into the Conemaugh formation to 
bring any other distinctive member to view, except in the-northwest 
corner of the township. Here Raccoon Creek cuts through the Ames 
limestone, which is 2 feet thick and well filled with fossils. It can be 
easily followed up the creek for a distance of a little more than a mile, 
to the point where it goes under cover. The Ames coal lies directly 
below the limestone and is from 1 to 1^ feet thick. 
Subsurface stratigraphy .—Most wells in the township show a coal 
from 615 to 660 feet below the Pittsburg coal. The records are indefi¬ 
nite regarding the positions of the Salt, Big Injun, and Bitter Rock 
sands. This is owing probably to careless measurement in taking the 
records. The Salt sand is reported at 812 to 986 feet, the Big Injun 
at 1,007 to 1,237 feet, and the Bitter Rock at about 1,500 feet below the 
Pittsburg coal. The distance of the Hundred-foot sand below the 
coal is 1,850 feet in the northwest end of the township, increasing to 
1,935 feet in the southeast. The top of the “ red rock v averages 103 
feet above the Hundred-foot sand. The Thirty-foot sand averages 
117 feet below the Hundred-foot sand, the Gordon 207 feet below, and 
the Fourth 273 feet below. A large number of wells show an average 
distance of 122 feet between the Gordon and the Fifth sands, making 
the latter 329 feet below the Hundred-foot sand. 
SMITH TOWNSHIP, WASHINGTON COUNTY. 
Smith Township is located in the central portion of the quadrangle 
and contains the town of Burgettstown, from which the quadrangle 
derives its name. The surface of the township is composed mostly 
of the Monongahela formation. Below this a section of nearly 200 
feet of the Conemaugh formation is exposed in the valley of Raccoon 
Creek, north of the Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis 
Railway. South of the railroad very little of the Conemaugh ap¬ 
pears. The rocks dip steeply to the south, so that the hills on both 
sides of Burgetts Fork reach above the upper limit of the Mononga¬ 
hela formation, and some hills show nearly a full section of the Wash¬ 
ington formation. In the northwest corner the Pittsburg coal is at 
o 
an elevation of 1,167 feet above tide and in Cross Creek basin at an 
elevation of 768 feet, making a total descent of 400 feet. 
Washington formation .—The hills between Cherry Valley and Bur¬ 
getts Fork and those west of Burgetts Fork reach well into the 
Washington formation. The Waynesburg “A” and “ B ” coals out¬ 
crop on the roads leading from Burgetts Fork. Above these small 
coals is the heavy blossom of the Washington coal, with the Lower 
Washington limestone above. On the central ridge the Washington 
