160 OIL AND GAS; OHIO, WEST VIRGINIA, PENNSYLVANIA. 
syncline, which narrows and deepens to the west, pitches off to the 
bottom of the deep basin in Donegal and Independence townships 
west of Acheson. Northeastward from this trough, which roughly 
follows the valley of Buffalo Creek, the rocks rise at a fairly uniform 
rate to the line of Hopewell Township. The rocks exposed are about 
300 feet thick, ranging from the upper beds of the Benwood limestone 
to a stratum a few feet above the Upper Washington limestone. 
Upper Washington limestone and coal .—These beds underlie a 
few small areas within this township. One is along the high ridge 
west of Taylorstown, another along the high crest north and east of 
the Neelv schoolhouse. There are also small areas of these rocks on 
the highest points to the northwest and southwest of the lower por¬ 
tion of Pleasant Valley and a doubtful exposure in one or two places 
near the west end of the ridge between Buffalo Creek and Brush 
Run. In most places the Upper Washington coal is represented by a 
few inches of black shale which locally carries a thin bed of coal. 
The Upper Washington limestone is somewhat thinner than it is 
in the townships to the south, but its characteristic milk-white lay¬ 
ers are in general prominently exposed. The following section on 
the road to the west from Taylorstown shows the relative position 
and prominence of the beds from the Little Washington coal to the 
Upper Washington limestone above: 
Section on road uphill west of Taylorstown. 
Ft. In. 
Sandstone, thin-bedded, micaceous, to top of hill-- 20 
Shale, black (Upper Washington coal)- 6 
Sandstone, thin, and shale- 6 
Limestone, Upper Washington- 9 
Sandstone, yellowish, and shale- 9 
Concealed_ 13 
Limestone, buff colored, in two layers- 1 6 
Shales, black and reddish_ 5 
Sandstone, thin; shale and concealed- 10 
Limestone, yellowish, very impure- 6 
Shale and sandstone_ 36 
Limestone, Middle Washington: 
Limestone, two beds, brownish to gray_-- 1 8 
Shale, brown to blue_ T - 4 
Limestone, thick yellow ledge_ 2 6 
Shale, light blue to red_ 1 
Limestone, pink, weathers ox-blood red_ 3 
Shale and clay above heavy bed of laminated sandstone, below 
whiUh is yellow shale, total_ 31 
Shale, black, locally carries coal_ 4 
Limestone, Lower Washington: 
Limestone, cherty, crumbly, with 1 foot of thin layers below_ 3 
Limestone, light gray, very hard- 2 
Sandstone, thin ; black shale and yellow clay_ 6 
Limestone, blue, very impure, reddish streaks_ 1 2 
