LITERATURE. 
17 
Penfield, S. L. Quoted in “On krennerite from Cripple Creek, Colorado,” by Albert II. Chester. American 
Journal of Science, 4th ser., vol. 5, 1898, pp. 375-377. 
A crystallographic study of a specimen from the Independence mine. 
Penfield, S. L., and Ford, W. E. On calaverite. American Journal of Science, 4th ser., vol. 12, 1901, pp. 
225-246. Also a German translation in Zeitschrift fur Krystallographie und Mineralogie, vol. 35, 1902, 
pp. 430-451. 
The authors conclude that the apparent monoclinic symmetry is the true symmetry of the mineral, 
notwithstanding the extraordinarily complex crystallographic symbols which that supposition demands. 
Penrose, R. A. F., jr. The ore deposits of Cripple Creek, Colorado. Colorado Scientific Society, Proceedings, 
vol. 5, 1894-1896, pp. 50-53. 
A preliminary outline, written before detailed examination of the district had begun. 
Penrose, R. A. F., jr. [-See also under Cross and Penrose.] 
Rickard, T. A. The Cripple Creek gold field. Institution of Mining and Metallurgy (London), Transactions, 
vol. 8, 1899-1900, p. 49-111. 
Contains an interesting account of the early history of the district, an outline of the general geology, a 
description of the ore deposits, statistics of production, and notes on the mines. 
Rickard, T. A. The telluride ores of Cripple Creek and Kalgoorlie. Engineering and Mining Journal, vol. 
70, 1900, p. 611. 
Gives an interesting account of the Cripple Creek ores from mineralogical, chemical, and metallurgical 
standpoints. 
Rickard, T. A. The Cripple Creek volcano. Transactions American Institute of Mining Engineers, vol. 30, 
1901, pp. 367-403. 
A semipopular summary of the geological history of the district. 
Rickard, T. A. The lodes of Cripple Creek. Transactions American Institute of Mining Engineers, vol. 33, 
1903, pp. 578-618. 
Describes in considerable detail, with numerous illustrations, the structural characteristics of the lodes. 
Schwarz, T. E. The Independence mine, Cripple Creek, Colorado. Colorado Scientific Society, Proceedings, 
vol. 4, 1893, p. 422. 
Describes the essential geological features of the Independence vein as exposed at that time. 
Skewes, E. The ore shoots of Cripple Creek. Transactions American Institute of Mining Engineers, vol. 26, 
1896, pp. 553-579. 
Records some facts of interest relative to the upper portions of the ore bodies of the Elkton, Raven, 
and Doctor mines. 
Smith, G. F. Herbert, and Prior, G. T. On the remarkable problem presented by the crystalline develop¬ 
ment of calaverite. Mineralogical Magazine, vol. 13, 1901-1903, pp. 122-150. 
The authors conclude that the mineral is either monoclinic with remarkably complex symbols, or tri¬ 
clinic with extraordinary complicated twinning. 
Stevens, E. A. An occurrence of limburgite in the Cripple Creek district. Transactions American Institute 
of Mining Engineers, vol. 30, 1901, pp. 759-764. 
Describes the occurrence of a dike at the western edge of the town of Victor. 
Stevens, E. A. Basaltic zones as guides to ore deposits in the Cripple Creek district, Colorado. Transactions 
American Institute of Mining Engineers, vol. 33, 1903, pp. 686-698. 
Maintains that there is a genetic relation between the basaltic dikes and ore deposition and that the 
type of rock is more important than the structure in determining the occurrence of ore. 
Stone, G. II. The granitic breccia of the Cripple Creek region. American Journal of Science, 4th ser., vol. 5, 
1898, pp. 21-32. 
An atterppt to explain several deposits of diverse origin as breccias produced by the shattering of the 
older rocks by igneous intrusions. 
Van Hise, C. R. A treatise on metamorphism. Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 47,1904, pp. 1120-1125, and 
elsewhere. 
Discusses Cripple Creek deposits in connection with a general treatment of the problems of ore genesis. 
The rich telluride ores are regarded as secondary concentrations due to descending waters. 
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