CHAPTER VI—PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF THE MINING INDUSTRY. 
EARLIER WORK IX MIXING GEOLOGY. 
To the excellent work of R. A. F. Penrose, jr., apply statements similar to those 
made in the discussion of the purely geological branch of the subject. Few shafts 
had then attained a depth of 400 feet, and most of the exposures were marked by 
surface oxidation. It would be surprising, in view of the facilities created by the 
later development of hundreds of mines, if a subsequent investigation should not 
bring out some slight modifications of earlier results. 
DISTRIBUTION OF MIXES. 
The productive district, as previously stated, is practically covered by the area 
of a circle 34 miles in diameter. The center of this circle would be located halfway 
between Raven Hill and Bull Hill, and the towns of Cripple Creek, Victor, and 
Cameron would be situated on its periphery. A very few mines—notably the Galena 
and the Fluorine—and many prospects lie outside of this area. 
The culminating points of the district are found in a ridge of high and bare hills 
that extends in a northwest-southeast direction and divides the waters flowing into 
Cripple Creek and Wilson Creek on the southwest from those joining Spring Creek 
and Grassy Creek on the north. From northwest to southeast the following hills 
mark this divide: Mineral Hill, Carbonate Hill, and Tenderfoot Hill, north or north¬ 
east of Cripple Creek; Globe Hill, Ironclad Hill, and Bull Hill, the latter being near 
the center of the district and equidistant from Cripple Creek and Victor. The ridge 
is continued by Bull Cliff and Big Bull Mountain, the latter, really outside of the 
product ive area, being the highest point in this dividing range of hills. Its elevation 
is 10,826 feet. Three long spurs project to the southwest from the dividing range 
separating the deep trenches of Cripple Creek, Squaw Gulch, Arequa Gulch, and 
Wilson Creek; the first, called Gold Hill, rises directly east of Cripple Creek; the 
second is Raven Hill, being continued to the southwest by the lower spur of Guyot 
and Beacon hills; the third is Battle Mountain, continued by the almost equally 
high salient of Squaw Mountain. 
The important mines are situated in this region of sharply accentuated topog¬ 
raphy. As has been several times emphasized, the volcanic area practically coincides 
with the hills and ridges just described and is surrounded on all sides b} r granitic 
rocks. 
Globe and Ironclad hills and Gold and Raven hills consist chiefly of heavy 
masses of breccia, and were scenes of great activity during the early }mars of the 
district. Near Poverty Gulch, just northeast of Cripple Creek, is the Abe Lincoln, 
not a large mine, but still actively worked with satisfactory results. Higher up are 
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