456 GEOLOGY AND GOLD DEPOSITS OF THE CRIPPLE CREEK DISTRICT. 
The Grant lode lies east of the Independence and strikes about N. 23° W. It 
dips westerly at angles ranging from 55° to 70°. The Grant crosses the Bobtail and 
Emerson, and joins the Independence in the north end of the mine. It is not known 
on the levels below the fifth. The No. 6 lode lies west of the Independence lode and 
has been developed from level 5 to level 9. It strikes nearly north and south and 
is about vertical. 
In addition to the lodes hitherto mentioned there are a number of minor lodes, 
often of no great persistence. Some of these are parallel to the more important 
sheeted zones; others are plainly branch lodes. They add greatly to the com¬ 
plexity of the fissure systems and to the difficulty in following and identifying the 
principal lodes. The West Independence lode runs generally parallel with the 
Independence lode on levels 1, 2, and 3. The East Independence is a branch lode 
known only below level 8, and has by some been confused with the Emerson. The 
Bobtail has at least two branch lodes above level 3, one known as the West Bobtail 
and one as the East Bobtail. Northeast of the Emerson lode and crossing or join¬ 
ing it at various points are a number of less persistent sheeted zones known on 
different levels as the East Emerson, London, East London, Drury, East Drury, 
and East lodes. 
The Flat xnin of the Independence mine lies between levels 2 and 4, dipping 
in general about 18° W. It is best seen on level 3, which cuts it about 200 feet 
north of the shaft and immediately north of the granite-breccia contact. It con¬ 
sists essentially of two nearly parallel zones of sheeting about 8 feet apart which 
differ from the usual sheeted zones in the breccia and granite only in their unusually 
low angle of dip. The Flat vein is not very persistent and has not been identified 
with certainty on levels 2 and 4. It has been exploited for a distance of 400 feet 
in a northwest-southeast direction, and 100 to 125 feet in a northeast-southwest 
direction. It is crossed without any apparent faulting by the Independence lode 
and by a number of minor sheeted zones running generally parallel with the Inde¬ 
pendence. A similar but much less important flat vein, known as the East Flat 
vein, occurs on level 4 near the Emerson lode, the two intersecting without visible 
displacement. 
One very significant fact apparent from a study of the various levels of the 
Independence mine is the much greater abundance and more open or dispersive 
character of the Assuring in the upper levels as compared with the lower. While 
to a certain extent this change seems to be progressive from level to level, yet 
the most marked difference is between the fifth and upper levels, on the one 
hand, and the sixth and lower levels on the other (figs. 59 and 60). As will appear 
when the geological features of the mine are considered, this general fact may be 
expressed in different terms by stating that the breccia is locally much more exten¬ 
sively fissured than the granite. The diminution of the Assuring in depth is fairly 
well exhibited by a comparison of the drifts on the different levels. For while to 
some extent the fewer drifts on the lower levels merely signify a less advanced 
stage of mining development, yet they are nevertheless fairly expressive of an 
actual contrast in the relative abundance and prominence of the fissures in the 
upper and lower parts of the mine. 
