462 GEOLOGY AKD GOLD DEPOSITS OF THE CRIPPLE CREEK DISTRICT. 
mineralized sheeted zone in breccia, granite, however, forming a portion of the foot- 
wall from level 5 down. Owing to the northerly dip of the contact, the portion 
of this great pay shoot lying in the Independence ground becomes shorter on 
successive lower levels. Below the 950-foot level, moreover, the ore becomes 
narrower, and on the 1,150-foot level all that is known of the Independence lode is a 
single narrow fissure containing a little fluorite and pyrite, but no workable ore. 
On the 1,400-foot level the lode is even less distinct, and it is doubtful whether 
it can be recognized with any certainty. In general, the Independence lode 
exhibits the same structural characteristics as its northern continuation, the Xo. 2 
vein of the Portland, which has already been described. It will be unnecessary, 
therefore, to do more than note a few special features. On level 7 the pay shoot 
extends for a short distance into the granite, south of the contact, as a mineralized 
sheeted zone about 4 feet wide, consisting of three principal parallel fissures. These 
little fissures are partly filled with fluorite, quartz, pyrite, and calaverite. 
On level 6 the first ore in the Independence lode, as one goes north, occurs 
in an irregular expansion of the Independence phonolite dike at the granite-breccia 
contact. Thence northward it occurs partly in breccia and partly in phonolite, 
close to the granite. Where the phonolite is sufficiently mineralized to constitute 
ore, the rock has a porous texture, being full of little cavities containing nests of 
pyrite, fluorite, and calaverite. The same minerals occur also in the narrow 
crevices of the sheeted zone and" in less regular minute cracks traversing the rock. 
Where the lode passes through breccia containing granitic fragments, the latter 
usually show the same porous texture and the same character of mineralization 
as occur along the Diamond lode in the Portland and in the granitic ore bodies of 
the Ajax and Elkton mines. On level 5 the Independence pay shoot attains its 
greatest width at the crossing of the Emerson lode. On level 4 are several local 
expansions of the ore to unusual width. The first of these is just north of the 
contact, where the main lode is crossed at small angles by some fissures running 
approximately northwest and southeast, or parallel with the Bobtail lode. The 
ore here, which is under the Flat vein, attains a width of about 40 feet. This ore 
is all in breccia, the value, as usual, being concentrated in the actual fissures. 
Another wide body of ore occurs at the crossing of the Bobtail, which on this level 
comprises a large number of parallel fissures forming a sheeted zone about 50 feet 
in width. A smaller though important widening of the ore occurs at the crossing 
of the Emerson, and, finally, at the Portland line, the convergence of the Independ¬ 
ence, Grant, and East lodes determines a large ore body which has been worked 
in the great Independence stope on the Xo. 2 vein in the Portland. On level 3 
a body of ore fully 50 feet in width was stoped in the breccia just north of the 
contact, at the intersection of the Independence lode with the Flat vein and with 
the northwest-southeast fissures already noted. 
The Emerson and Bobtail are essentially sheeted zones in breccia, and their 
pay shoots are generally rather narrow. At points of intersection with other 
fissures, however, or where other sheeted zones of generally parallel strike but 
slightly different dips approach so near as to constitute locally a single fissure zone, 
the ore bodies may expand to unusual dimensions. This is particularly striking 
along the Bobtail lode on level 4, where several fissures of nearly parallel strike, 
