FASCICULI MALATENSES 
107 
stiffer. When 4 frizzly ’ hair is cut short it can hardly be distinguished from 
* woolly/ At present we are only dealing with the macroscopic characters, 
but we hope to investigate the minute structure in a subsequent number. 
Profile of Nose. By a * negroid 1 nose we mean one that is short, has a 
low bridge which may be only faintly indicated, with wide-spreading alae, and 
with the tip slightly turned down. The development of the bridge may vary 
considerably. The 4 Chinese' approximates to the * negroid/ but differs from 
it in that the tip is turned slightly upwards , and that the line of the nostrils is 
more oblique. The 1 australoid * type is also very near the 4 negroid/ but has 
the alae even more wide, and possesses a decidedly hooked tip. Where the 
septum has been artificially distorted, it is difficult to distinguish between a 
4 negroid * and an 4 australoid * nose. No comment is necessary with regard to 
the other descriptive terms. They have been taken from the Anthropological 
Notes and Queries. 
Measurements , In the majority of cases we thought it best to take the 
head-measurements in triplicate, and to make use of the mean, thus 
eliminating, as far as possible, accidental errors not inherent to the methods 
employed. While we were working together we made it our practice to 
measure our subjects alternately in groups of three, thus avoiding, to some 
extent, the personal error, which might have been introduced if many 
individuals had been measured consecutively by either of us. The measure¬ 
ments were recorded by the observer not engaged in measuring at the time. 
Asa rule we had the aid of a native, who gained, as time went on, some 
knowledge of the positions necessary for the subject operated on. When one 
of us was working alone, he was obliged to record all measurements as weLl as 
to take them, and this often rendered it impossible to procure a complete set 
of measurements for each subject. 
Length of Head . Taken from the glabella to the most prominent point 
of the occiput. 
Nasion to Mouth. The difference between the projection from the vertex 
to the nasion, and that to the centre of the mouth when the lips are closed. 
Mouth to Chin. The difference between the projection last mentioned 
and the vertical projection of the entire head. 
Bigonial Breadth, We think it well to note that this measurement 
depends to a very large extent indeed upon the development of the jaw 
muscles rather than that of the skeletal parts, and that we have measured it 
across these muscles and not at the actual angle of the jaw, as the relative 
development of the former is an important factor in the contour of the face. 
Nasion to Chin. This is a direct measurement, not a projection. 
