FASCICULI MALATENSES 
85 
sex. We found in at least one instance that the skull had been removed from 
a body hung up in a tree, probably for some magical purpose, as a Malay told 
us at Jalor that he had once been employed by a Chinaman to collect human 
skulls for making medicine. 
Sociology 
Practically every man in the Patani States is either a rice-cultivator or a 
fisherman, or else combines the two trades ; but the Siamese, at rate where 
there are Malays, confine themselves to agriculture, leaving all seamanship to 
their neighbours. Fishing and rice-planting only occupy a part of each year, 
and many of the Malays of this district cross over to the other side of the 
Peninsula during the stormy season (incur own winter months), either to take 
part in the fishing off the coast of Kedah or drive cattle and buffaloes over 
into Perak for sale. Others occupy their spare time as blacksmiths, cattle- 
breeders, medicine-men or public entertainers. The elephant mahouts 
{gambdla gajad) form a very distinct class, which is often, though not neces¬ 
sarily, hereditary ; they are incorporated in a kind of a guild under a chief, 
who is known as ’Toh ’Ku Chang, chang being Siamese for elephant. 
There t$ a ’Ku Chang in each state in which many elephants are kept. Petty 
trading, salting fish, dyeing, weaving, cooking and bringing up water from the 
stream or well are women’s occupations, and women also take part in reaping the 
rice and in transplanting the young plants from the nurseries in which it is 
sown to the flooded fields in which it reaches maturity, the men doing all the 
harder work, such as sowing, ploughing and harrowing. Occasionally, 
women also take part in the fishing, and a few men become expert 
weavers. 
Three professions are considered disgraceful:—(1) That of the actor 
or other public entertainer, ‘because he is not ashamed 1 ( sebab dia ttdamalu) \ 
(2) That of the policeman {orang mata-mata , the man who is all eyes), 
‘ because he does not recognize his mother or his father ’ ( sebab dia it da 
kenal ma atau bapa did) ; and (3) That of the sailor (prang k'/asf) y that is to 
say the man who hires himself out to go long voyages, * because he curses his 
own body * ( sebab dia sumpah badang sending having but one chance in three 
of returning home alive. It is curious to find such an estimate of the sailor’s 
profession among any branch of a stock so essentially maritime as the Malays, 
but there exists an old man’s saw in Patani to the effect that a man should 
beg from five houses before he becomes a sailor. 
There is, 1 properly speaking, no servile class among the Malayo-Siamese, 
the only form of slavery now extant in any considerable degree being a very 
