9 6 
FASCICULI MALJTENSES 
downwards. The condition of the nuchal part of the occipital bone, considered 
in connexion with the flatness of the whole occipital region and the asymmetry 
of the skull, goes far to prove that the cranium has been subjected to artificial 
treatment, and, seeing that we know that such treatment is common among the 
Makyo-Siamese in the case of unusually long heads, doubts may be expressed 
whether even this very short skull would have been brachycephalic, had it been 
permitted to develop normally. 
Jaws and Teeth. 
The palate is tongue-shaped and long in comparison with its breadth, the 
palato-maxillary index being 105-3. 
Although the body of the lower maxilla is slight and the elevation of 
the ascending ramus low, the latter region has a considerable area, its lower 
border being depressed below the level of the base of the body. The sigmoid 
notch is shallow, the mental prominence is less strongly developed than in 
the majority of male European skulls, and the mental spines are little more 
than small roughened areas. 
The condition of the teeth in this skull is interesting in connexion with 
the question of the age at which the wisdom teeth are developed and their com¬ 
parative morphology in the different races of mankind. The crowns of the 
two anterior molars are very large in both jaws, but the only one of the four 
third molars which is visible, that on the right side of the upper jaw, is not 
only very small and simple but is pushed to one side of the dentary arcade. 
It appears that the length of the crowns of the other teeth, combined with the 
shortness of the dentary arc, has made it impossible for the last tooth that is 
developed to develop normally, for the posterior border of the crown of the 
second molar is practically at the extremity of the alveolar border. The skull 
has reached a stage of equilibrium, as indicated by the closing sutures, that 
would have prevented any great increase in the size, or change in the shape, 
of the bones. 1 have reason to believe that this is a common condition in the 
skulls of Mongoloid, or partially Mongoloid, races, but must defer a full 
discussion of the question until another occasion. 
The separate lower jaw from Jambu is too much worn and broken to 
permit accurate measurement. It appears to have been larger than that of 
the above specimen, and to have had normally developed third molars on both 
sides ; the crown of the only molar that remains, the second on the right 
side, is comparatively small. The mental prominence is feebly developed, 
but the elevation of the ascending ramus appears to have been rather greater 
than in No. 21. 
