SECTION III. 
SOCIAL ECONOMY. 
Most of the matter connected with this division of the subject has naturally arranged 
itself in the description of the city under the several heads — Municipality, Education, Bene¬ 
volence, Justice, Commerce, and Population. 
PRODUCTIVE ECONOMY. 
A consideration of the means by which the productive powers of nature are called into 
beneficial action, and rendered subservient to the wants of mankind, is not only useful as 
tending towards the amendment of imperfect systems, but also as leading to such a knowledge 
of the comparative values of raw and manufactured articles, as must materially assist the 
financier in predicating what effects are likely to follow those imposts, which are laid upon 
production in any of its stages. . . , , , • 
To secure the full advantage of this investigation, it is necessary to keep constantly in 
view the important principle, that application of external power to production whether it be 
exhibited in mere manual labour, aided by implements of husbandry or in the • more com¬ 
pound state in which it is developed m manufactures, is still a form of the same thuy And 
further, that the term manufactory implies not a work distinct from primary productions, 
but one either auxiliary or supplementary to it, so that the manufacture of woollen goo s is 
still a part of the agricultural system, being supplementary to the breeding of sheep th 
manufacture of linen to the culture of flax; the manufacture of cotton goods to that of cot¬ 
ton in the same manner as the operations of the corn null are supplementary to the growth 
of oats, barley, and wheat; a principle sound in itself, and calculated to remove those ob¬ 
scurities and prejudices which at present perplex the inquirer, m his estimate of the relative 
importance of agriculture and manufactures, which he has been accustomed to consider two 
distinct things, and not as they really are, parts of the same. , , •, , , 
The simplicity which results from the application of the principle, here laid down, does 
not terminate with manufactures; it may be pursued even into trades, which are thus allocated to 
their respective heads of productions. The baker follows the miller, as the miller succeeds the 
farmer The shoe-maker,’the tanner. The tanner in like manner the farmer ; and if the sys¬ 
tem be pursued to its full extent, the ordinary shopkeeper becomes auxiliary also to production, 
and may be classed among some one or other of the trades of distribution. This is the system 
adopted m the accompanying tables of productive economy. In the first, a condensed view is 
o-iven of the mode of distribution of the land, its aspects, qualities and general advantages, as 
exhibited in each townland; and it may be here added that the soils, resulting from the decom¬ 
position of one class of rocks only, possess much uniformity both of appearance and quality. 
In the higher grounds, they contain most silex and are in a few districts stony sandy, and meagre , 
but theygenerally consist of light, productive clays, or loams ; becoming m the very lowgroun s 
Sti ^ 6 J/rtWMres ^re'readily'attainable, 1 lTeing in part stable dung, either resulting from the home 
keen of cattle or bought in Derry. Lime burned in the city, the stone having been brought 
from beyond the limits of the parish, and shells procured at Shell Island m Lough Doyle. 
Kelp, purchased in Derry, is also occasionally used and bog earth forms part of a very valua¬ 
ble compost, mixed with dung, lime, and shells, which is in general use. 
The*aspect and climate are on the whole favourable, and the appearance of much of the 
oarish is such as to hold out every promise of success to the farmer. 
1 The second table embraces the subject of cultivation-shewing the various crops he 
order in which they are usually cultivated, the times of seeding and of harvest and the 
amount of crops. Some improvement in farming may be deduced from the statements 1 
contains—wheat, which formerly was considered unsuiteddio the soil or climate, the soil being 
