CONTENTS 
PAGE 
PREFACE. 
THE FACIAL MUSCLES OF MAMMALS GENERALLY. 5 
1. Platysma-sphincter-group . 6 
2. Orbicularis-oculi-group. 10 
3. M. maxillo-labialis. 12 
4. Ruccinator-group. 13 
5. M. lateralis nasi. 15 
6. Mm. recti nasi et labiorum. 16 
7. Muscles of the external ear. 16 
A. In Placentals with a scutellum. 16 
R. In Marsupials . 20 
C. In Placentals without a scutellum. 21 
D. In Monotremata. 22 
8. Concluding Remarks. 23 
THE FACIAL MUSCLES OF THE ELEPHANT. 25 
1. Platysma-sphincter-group. 25 
2. Orbicularis-oculi-group. 28 
3. M. maxillo-labialis. 30 
4. Ruccinator-group. 33 
5. M. lateralis nasi. 39 
6. M. rectus nasi. 40 
7. Muscles of the external ear. 43 
THE PROROSCIS . 47 
APPENDIX: Facial muscles of some Ungulates. 51 
Camel. 51 
Ell^. 54 
Wapiti. 58 
Zebu. 60 
Roar. 63 
Tapir . 66 
Horse. 71 
INDEX 
75 
