Invited Research Paper 
95 
SPECIES 
v Z. atamasca 
K Z.treatiae 
° Z. simpsonii 
-3-2-10123 
Principal Component 2 
Figure 13. Principal Component Analysis of Zephyranthes species endemic to 
southeastern USA (Flagg and Smith, Castanea 2008a). 
Our endeavors led to the same conclusions as Chapman (1892), Small 
(1933), Hume (1935), Godfrey and Wooten (1979), Clewell (1985) and Wunderlin 
(1998), that Z. atamasca, Z. treatiae and Z. simpsonii are three distinct species. 
Key to Rain-lilies of Continental USA 
This over-blown key to Habranthus and Zephyranthes known in continental USA 
is presented in lieu of full-blown descriptions, which are available in Flora of 
North America (Flagg, Smith and Flory. 2002). Since then, there have been two 
changes to note: Z. longifolia Hemsl. (1880) has been renamed Habranthus 
longifolius (Hemsl.) Flagg, Smith and Meerow (2010), and the illegitimate name 
Z. grandiflora Lindl. has been replaced with Z. carinata Herb. 
1. Habranthus : Anthers horizontal, perpendicular to filaments, usually 
recurved. 
2. Perianth segments adaxially pink, 6+ cm; stigma exserted ca. 1 cm 
beyond anthers; leaf more than 5mm wide; flowering summer-fall; 
introduced from S. America, locally adventive in Fla. H. robustus 
2. Perianth segments adaxially yellow, <4 cm; stigma not exserted more 
than 1 mm and usually among anthers; leaf not more than 4 mm wide. 
3. Perianth segments adaxially bright or orange yellow, sometimes 
tinged burgundy abaxially; pedicel longer than spathe; summer-fall 
flowering; Ala., Fla., La., Tex., S. America. H. tubispathus 
