PARA SEMI A. By Dr. M. Draudt. 
perversa 
haroldi. 
nigerrima. 
bayardi. 
denudata. 
magnified, 
r osina. 
lutescens. 
cremonae. 
powelli. 
laemmer- 
manni. 
gradli. 
rondoui. 
alba. 
schawerdae. 
confusa. 
pallida. 
albidior. 
76 
. pale yellow-grey to blackish brown-grey with wide black dorsal line of spots. — perversa Dhl. has rather 
better developed wings, they extend to 6 mm and are of the same colour as the body with black spot markings. 
E. haroldi Obenh. Head and thorax yellow-white admixed with blackish, abdomen rose, yellowish white 
at base and anal extremity with black dorsal stripe, Fore wings yellow-white with black spots in quite similar 
formation to those of the subsequent pudica : subbasally there is an oblique curved band, which does not ex¬ 
tend either to costa or inner margin, before the centre an irregular costal and a quadrate inner marginal spot, 
a long curved spot beyond same and below this a large quadrate spot; then follows a curved postmedian band 
interrupted between 3 and 4, partially merging with the triangular subterminal spots. Hindwings scarlet, yellow- 
white at costa with brown-black costal spots before and beyond the centre and a subterminal band that reaches 
to the margin on lower median nervure. In aberrative specimens the black spots more or less merge. $ with 
narrow crippled wings with reduced black spots. Wing expanse: $ 24—32 mm, $ 18mm. Algeria (South Oran 
Aflou, Guelt-es-Stel). 
E. pudica Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 80, pi. 16 c). Besides the forms mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 446: jlavescens Oberth. 
and fumosa Oberth., the first of which is now held to be synonymous with flaveola Schultz (Vol. 2, p. 80) the 
following has been named as an extreme form of the blackened gradli Schultz (Vol. 2, p. 80): — nigerrima Trti. 
with completely jet-black forewings, only the fringes are rose, hindwings pale rose, all spots enlarged and 
partially merged, not black but dusky sooty, diffuse; abdomen rose with heavily increased black transverse 
bands. — bayardi Le Charles is a pathological specimen, an asymmetrical aberration of the form flaveola , i. e. 
yellow instead of roseate, on the right side the black spots are quite extinct except for one disco-cellular 
spot and a few subapical diffuse streaks, whilst on the left side the markings are more or less of normal shape, 
only they are much reduced in size. Hindwings on both sides quite devoid of spots. Bred in France. — 
denudata Dhl. is a similar form of aberration with normal markings in outer area, spots in the central area 
being absent, as also the dots in basal area. From specimens from the Campagna and the Sabine Mountains. 
We are illustrating a specimen from Capri (6 g) of this form. magnifica Rothsch. is claimed to be a subspecies 
from Algeria and Tunis. It cannot be admitted as a race. It comprises large specimens such as occur also else¬ 
where with a deeper rose tone and no enlargement of the black spots. — rosina Zerny (6 g) from Spain (Albar- 
iacin) could lay gieater claim to being a race. It is not larger than typical pudica but much more intensively 
rose with enlarged black spots, so that the light patches on the forewings form a sort of a trellis. Hindwings 
similarly enlarged. Specimens from Capri are about half-way between these forms, large, of intensive red colour¬ 
ation with enlarged black spots. Our illustration shows one of these Capri specimens. 
E. oertzeni Led. (Vol. 2, p. 80, pi. 16 c). - lutescens Culot has a yellow hue instead of the rose colour. 
Beirut. — cremonae Culot also described from Beirut, is devoid of black spots on the vividly rose coloured hind¬ 
wings. 
E. powelli Oberth. resembles oertzeni and pudica-, it is smaller and much duller in colour. Forewings 
and thorax blackish brown, tegulae with narrow white edges, forewings with rosy white striations as in oertzeni. 
Hindwings vivid carmine-rose with black discal spot, oblique postmedian band from costa to below vein 5, 
merging at upper end with an apical spot, a triangular spot in middle of margin and a further one that is ex¬ 
tended inwards on submedian nervure; fringes black at apex, yellow beneath. — The larvae feed on grass and 
corn, especially barley. Wing expanse: 32 -38 mm. Geryville and Guelt-es-Stel (Algeria). 
46. Genus: I*arasemia Him. 
P. plantaginis L. (\ol. 2, p. 81, pi. 16 d, e) is a favoured subject for denominations! Pale, more or 
less albinotic specimens are named: laemmermanni Oberth. forewings brownish in tone, hindwings pale red¬ 
dish; described from Alsace. — gradli Meyer has pale yellowish forewings with only faintly reflected ochreous 
markings, only costa and inner margin and the apical markings are slightly darker. Hindwings pale brownish 
with markings just a shade darker. From a single specimen. rondoui Oberth. has completely yellow-white 
forewings, only traces of blackish markings at costa and apex; hindwings unicoloured orange. — alba Kaucki 
is the extreme of this form, as all wings are unicoloured white and almost devoid of any sign of markings. — 
schawerdae Heinrich is a transition form to the blackened forms. A11 the yellow-white markings of forewings 
and the yellowish colour of hindwings are suffused with dusky blackish, also on the underside. Described from 
confusa Stgr. is dull black on forewings with impure yellowish markings; in outer area these 
do not form x ’shaped marks but there is a short apical band and in front of same a parallel transverse band, 
which does not unite with the white innermarginal band. Hindwings impure grey-yellow with diffuse black 
markings in which the 3 spots before the outer margin merge. From Baden. Very similar, if not synonymous 
we have pallida Schoenfeld, which is characterised by its dull colouration; instead of deep black markings 
the> aie grey-black, the brilliant yellow of hindwings is substituted by a dull ochreous. From Eger land. — 
To the forms grouped around hospita we have — albidior Heinrich with a considerable increase in the extent 
nl the white colour, especially in marginal area, a counterpart to the yellow form henrichoviensis. Specimens 
