86 
ARCTIA. By Dr. M. Draudt. 
ungemachi. A. ungemadii Le Cerj is unknown to me and I do not know whether same should be inserted here. 
Head black with yellow-red transverse line, palpi similarly; antennae brown and pectinated; body black on 
upperside, rusty red underneath, similarly scapulae and sides of tegulae. Forewings pale ochreous heavily 
marked with black spots,' so that only lines of the yellow colour are left; a spot at base on costa, 3 unequally 
large spots beyond same in an oblique line, then follow 2 very large quadrate spots, the upper of which extends 
to below the cell; of the next two the upper one is of medium size and is extended at inner angle in an 
oblique line up to vein 2, the lower one large covering the anal angle and extending upwards to vein 3; above 
same a large subapical spot which expands downwards to vein 4 and on upper side conjoins with a straight 
irregular marginal band which extends to vein 2. Hindwings brilliant scarlet red, a black spot in centre of 
cell, beyond same from costa to upper angle of cell a straight black band conjoining with black arch at disco- 
cellular; 2 very large spots at margin, interrupted widely between veins 2 and 3. Wing expanse: 39 mm. 
Marocco (Azrou), a single q captured in June. 
A. caja L. (Yol. 2, p. 98, pi. 18 b). There is no more favoured subject for denominations than this 
si'liaia anC ^ consec L uentl y there is an inumlation of names for all manner of slight varieties. — flavosignata Closs are 
stgnaa. specimens where the white bands of fore wings have a yellowish tinge; denominated from 1 specimen bred at 
grebi. Berlin. — grebi Peijfcr is not quite the same, as the bands are here described as being pure dark yellow with 
jeuneti. hindwings a salmon pink; bred from Wuerttemberg parents. — jeuneti Oberth. has bands of forewings dusted 
>n acul at a carm ^ ne re( T The denominations of slight variations in markings of fore wings are very prolific: — quadri- 
maculata Stdtterm. is an extreme form of syltica ; the loops facing the base of the triple costal spot are 
conjunda. completely separated and the hindmarginal spot- is dissolved in 2 parts. — conjimcta Stdtterm. is similar and 
at the same time the major part of the inner marginal spot merges with the loops separated from the costal 
Mconjuncta. spots, forming a transverse band. — biconjuncta Stdtterm. is the same but the separated loop of the costal 
ypsilon. spot is similarly united to the corresponding part of the inner marginal spot, also forming a band. — ypsilon 
Stdtterm. is like conjuncta but the part of the innermarginal mark near base is separated so that a “Y” shaped 
hebeotdes. transverse band is created in central area. — hebeoides Stdtterm. like ypsilon but the separated part of the 
loop of the costal spot merges with the separated part of the inner marginal spot, similarly forming a trans- 
\erse band. A number of graclatory forms interpose, as: — connexa Englisch, trimacula-pallida Englisch, 
furcata-mdiata and vittata which correspond to the same forms in flavia and which are only mentioned here 
as belonging to this group. Until we get to the extreme form of phantasma Niep. with pure white forewings 
teinfcsti. and unicoloured red hindwings there are an immense number of transition forms. For instance: — leinfesti 
Iibl. where the basal 3/4ths are almost white and at the same time the hindwings are orange yellow with 
duthula. basal spots absent whilst the 4 marginal spots merge. A step further in gradation and we have — duthula 
Th. Mieg. with almost completely white fore wings and brickred hindwings on which there are remnants of 
schultzi. spots in the shape of brown dots. — Similar results are produced by exposure to cold: schultzi Frings has 
white markings of central area extinct, but enlarged in basal area and the subterminal “X” markings dissolve 
towards the margin, so that the outer area appears almost completely white; hindwings normal. Experiments 
vith ether seem to have an opposite effect and cover a number of denominated forms till we reach obscura 
raduita. C kll. Thus in radiata Gramann, wiiite markings of forewings reduced, with increased red on hindwings 
"' SIU ' ^ith a ray-like merging of the spots forming 3 cuneiform marks running to a point at base. — rosae Gramann 
also a result of experiment with ether, a combination of confluens Rbl. with the just described radiata with 
such heavily developed cuneiform marks that at the thick ends they merge forming a large mark running 
exceUens. into three points towards base. — excellens Closs shows wiiite markings of forewings almost extinct, only a 
thin dentate submarginal band, two inner marginal spots and a basal spot remaining; hindwings black with 
‘retime an oran & e margin and inner margin, abdomen red with the Usual blank marks. — margarethae Aue has, like 
the following forms, brown forewings with dark black-brown markings in place of wiiite. One cannot say that 
all the following forms are synonymous, because each one differs in some small characteristic from the others; 
rLU< chromica ^ us mar d are thae has red hindwings, narrowly yellow at margin with irregularly merging spots. — quasimorto- 
chromica Biezanko is deep brown on body and wings, the normal white markings reflecting through in a deeper 
shade of brown, hindwings are black-brown with scarcely visible black marks, abdomen remains red with 
lumusa. the usual black markings. — fumosa Horh. similarly dusky brown with markings contrasting in slightly deeper 
shade, but abdomen is also dusky; hindwings similarly brown, black spots with blue reflection; antennae 
zminyl . brownish, trom Saxony. — zimnyi Szulczewski similarly shows wdiite markings replaced by darker shade 
than ground colour, only subapically a few whitish patches retained. Hindwings red with yellow base and 
hotya. costa as well as 3 small spots near anal angle. — bolga Th.-Mieg. perhaps simply a synonym of obscura Gkll., 
binutis, all 4 wings unicolorous brown. — similis Szculczewski also shows a reduction in the extent of the white stripe 
markings, those in central area are replaced by dark brown marks. Pale forms inclining to albinoism are: 
ciffingeii. — eiffingeri Aue body and forewings normal, hindwings, head and frons are yellow-brown, the black spots 
(jibliardti. have yellow edges. — gebhardti Bohr, has reddish ochreous yellow f'orewings and dull reddish yellow hindwings. 
badia Rautmann is mousy grey on head and body, forewings grey or yellow-grey, bands grey-white, hind- 
wings yellowish brown with 4 small grey spots with yellow edges. From a specimen bred at Magdeburg. There 
albccitiata. are still the following denominations: — albociliata Stcttrnn. with white or in any case almost white fringes 
frontalis. ^ Orew ’ n o s - albofrontalis Stdtterm. with white band on frons, which extends to the white tegulae, such 
