54 
SYNTOMIS. By Dr. M. Draudt. 
alveus. (Vol. 2, p. 38) has only 3 on forewings, no spots on hindwings. — alveus Dhl. is similar on forewings but has 
ochsen- 1 —2 spots on hindwings. — oehseiiheimeri Trti. has only 2 or one spot on fore wings and one spot on hindwings. 
^i>ueri. — biga Stdr. has only the 2 middle spots 2 and 3 on forewings, whilst hindwings are without spots. — unipuncta 
unipuncta. Trti. (Vol. 2, pi. 9 b as cloelia) has only one spot on forewings and no spots on hindwings. — seminigra Spul. 
seminigra. (Vol. 2, p. 444) lias no spots at all on forewings or one or the other is present in a minute size. Hindwings on 
the other hand have both spots. -— cyclopea Rag. ( Vol. 2, p. 38, pi. 9 b) is similar but hindwings only have one 
cloelia. spot. — cloelia Bkh. is not correctly diagnosed in Vol. 2, p. 38, the description given there refers to unipuncta 
Trti. just described; cloelia has no spots on forewings and one spot on hindwings. — iphimedia Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 38, 
analinigra. pi. 9 b) is correctly described quite black. — analinigra Vorbr. has uniformly black hindwings whilst forewings 
have the normal number of spots. — Finally all these spot variations can occur asymmetrically in the most varying 
combinations, as for instance right wings normal, left wings like phegeus or cloelia etc. Daxtnehl has often 
observed such variations. Further specimens can occur as aberrations with entirely black antennae and this 
nigri- can occur in combination with all possible forms of spot markings: — nigricornis ( Danneh11 auct. nec. AlpJi.). 
(nuns. qqq g mus t Q f course be separated from the Caucasian nigricornis Alph., which is a genuine species and belongs to 
puellula. the marjana group. If the anterior yellow' abdominal belt is missing it is named: - puelluia Stdr. 
The following races have been established quite apart from the above mentioned pfluemeri Wacq. : — 
italica. italica Rocci : is smaller than the typical phegea , more gracefully built, less densely sealed, especially in the $$ 
which have therefore been compared with herzi by the author. In the dd the 6 spots are smaller and therefore 
placed further from one another. On the other hand in the the spots incline to be increased in size. 
pfluemeri. Specimens with 6 forewing spots and 2 hindwings spots are typical. We also have: — pfluemeri Rocci with 5 
phegeus. forewing spots and 2 hindwing spots, — phegeus Rocci with 4 forewing spots, the basal spot is absent, and one 
monosig- hindwing spot; — monosignata Rocci with 6 forewing spots and one hindwing spot; — reducta Rocci with 4 
reducta f° rewin g and 2 hindwing spots, — privata Rocci with 5 forewing and 2 hindwing spots, in this case the first 
privata. costal forewing spot is missing; — parvipunefa Rocci with minute spots, — paupera Rocci with 6 forewing spots 
nnicia anc ^ 00111 plt'tely black hindwings without spots; — repicta Rocci with intersected apical spot on forewings, - 
paupera. divisa Rocci with subdivided basal spot on hindwings, here also occasionally in the $ the preapical hindwing 
repicta. spot can be doidile; finally we also have the — fenestrafa form with increased number and size of all spots. 
f cue strata ^is race occurs 111 Liguria to Genoa, in the Apennines of Piedmont and Emilia. A further race of Sorrento, 
plinius. but also in N. Italy further eastwards to Illyria is indicated as — plinius Stdr. According to its author it is 
a local race with definite characteristics, of large size and therefore remarkable to relate a contrast to the small 
italica also occurring in N. Italy! In this race repicta forms often occur, the basal mark of hindwings is generally 
cordiform. — Originally this was described as a genuine species but Reverdin deems same identical with 
pfaehleri. phegea in accordance with his examination of the genitals: - pfaehleri Krug. (5 c) limited to Lugano, in the 
Dolomite massif of the Monte San Salvatore; it is remarkable according to the indications of Kruger that 
pfaehleri occurs there end of May to middle of June, whilst from the end of June to the middle of July typical 
phegea and pfluemeri occur around Lugano. As italica Rocci was, also pfaehleri is compared with herzi Trti. ; 
small thinly scaled, dull blue-black forewings with 6 spots, spot 3 cuneiform or comma shaped, spot 6 puncti- 
quinque- form; the hindwings in $ with only one preapical spot, in $ with 2 spots. Wing expanse 25—35 mm. - quin- 
macula. quemaeula Krug. (5 c): spot (5 of forewings is absent. — seminigra Krug, has hindwings entirely black. — In 
quadri- quadrimacula Krug, spots 1 and 6 are absent, — oblita Krug, spots 4 and 6. — bipuncta Krug, only has spots 
macula. 2 and 3, these are small and darkly dusted over. — immaculata Krug, is unicoloured black-blue. — centripuncta 
hipuncia ^rug. has spot 2 with a black dot. — mixta Krug. (5 c) represents asymmetrically spotted specimens. The 
immacu- differences between italica Rocci and pfaehleri Krug, do not appear to me to be clear. — bessarabica Stdr. 
lata, shows a strong indication of relationship with the race from Sorrento plinius Stdr., it has the same wing contour 
puncta. an d large size, all the spots are enlarged and somewhat angular, otherwise they are similarly arranged as in 
mixta, phegea, the preapical spot on hindwings is large. It occurs in the district of Akerman in Bessarabia; similar 
bessarabica. specimens occur at Ivieff only they are somewhat stumpier in build. 
2. melanocera group. 
melanocera. S. melanocera Hmps. (Vol. 2, p. 445) (5 a) is the main representative of the small group in which the 
hindwings have 2 equally large round spots. Forewings short, apex rounded, black wdth slight violet-blue sheen, 
spots hyaline but not purely white, basal spot oval, spot 2 rectangular, spot 3 pear-shaped or trapeziform, the 
3 marginal spots long and narrow, the apical displaced and nearer to the lower two. Antennae quite black. 
The yellow r abdominal belts open on underside. N. China (Tsingtao, Wei-hai-wei) in July. Our illustration is 
from a specimen in the collection of Turati. 
herzii. S. herzii ( B.-H . i. 1.) Trti. (5 a). A smaller species which strongly resembles phegea, especially the forms 
of italica Rocci and pfaehleri Stdr., like these it is not very densely scaled and not such a blue-black but rather 
inclined to be smokey brownish. Spots fairly large, those of the marginal row elongated. Hindwings with 2 
spots of which the basal is usually larger than the preapical, therefore the classification here by Turati does 
not seem to me to be completely plausible. Feelers quite black, the yellow' abdominal belt open on the under- 
