ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss. 
43 
apex. — The hybrid from the crossing between angelicae subsp. rhatisbonensis $ and transalpina v. jurassicola $ 
was bred by Przegendza and named angelicojurassica. 
The larva feeds on Lotus corniculatus L. and Coronilla varia L. 
Z. ephialtes L. in Vol. 2, p. 23/24 and p. 442/443, (= falcatae Hbn.) from central and S.E. Europe 
(westwards to the Pyrenees), Balkans. Great difficulties are encountered in establishing races of this species. 
The polymorphism of the species, which is purely due to a combination of factors, obscures homogeneousness 
of local races in the formation of larger geographic groups. I mention the forms under which ephialtes can 
occur, as aberrations and then the races so far known without enumerating the forms. Besides the forms 
mentioned in Vol. 2 the following are named: ab. herrichschaefferi Bgff. (= ephialtes H.-Schaff., costaflava- 
bipuncta Le Charles, trans. diffusa) from Martigny-Ville, Valais. It has a 6th spot indicated in the hindwings 
that may be white or red and is situated below the white spot 5, which is always present; ab. wullschlegeli 
Oberth. from Martigny-Ville (Vol. 2, p. 443) (4 i), illustration according to Oberthur; ab. rubricauda Bgff. $ 
with completely red anal clasp (Chwalynsk, Province Saratov); ab. diffusa Bgff. (Trautenau and Leipa in 
Bohemia, Martigny-Ville) with spots of forewings extending diffusedly; ab. atritella Hirschke (Herculesbad): 
spot 3 of forewings absent ( trigonellae form); ab. ephialtoides Reiss (Gera) the ephialtes form in mainly peuce- 
danoid races; ab. extrema Reiss (Magdeburg) with brighter red, forewings with spot area liberally dusted 
over with red, also the abdomen almost to the tip; ab. tricingulata Holik (Karlstein, Bohemia) with red 
abdominal belt on 3 segments; ab. nigroicterica Holik (Prague), the yellow gunneri', ab. nigroaeacus Bgff., the 
yellow metzgeri ; ab. pseudoeoronillae Holik (Prague) six or five-spotted orange yellow ephialtoid form and ab. 
acingulata Francke. (Wiesenstein, Saxony) without red abdominal belt. The names scheveni Oberth., esperi 
Oberth., pallida Oberth., adalberti Oberth. and pallens Oberth., all in Vol. 2, p. 442/443 are withdrawn. Instead 
of bahri Hirschke (Vol. 2, p. 24) ab. flavobipuncta Favre is to be placed. The denomination ab. peucedani Esp. 
is only applicable to pronouncedly ephialtoid races. As a type race, the eastern race can be taken, which occurs 
principally in lower Austria and Hungary, especially in the forms trigonellae and coronillae. 
The var. borealis Bgff. is the race from the north German lowlands (Magdeburg, Berlin) and the German 
Central mountains. It is found almost exclusively in the peucedanoid form with six deep coloured, almost 
carmine red spots. The white scaling even in spot 4 is almost always absent. Very rarely but nevertheless 
repeatedly found in the ab. ephialtoides Reiss', ab. athamanthae Esp. is not particularly frequent. —From central 
Bohemia (Karlstein) var. bohemia Reiss (4 i) has been nominated. This race, like the previous one, is most 
frequently found in the six-spotted peucedanoid form. Slightly smaller than borealis, spot 6 is strikingly 
reversional, often only minute, rarely quite absent, spot 4 is remarkably large and generally with white scales, 
also spots 3 and 5 often have white scales. Hindwings generally with wider black margins than borealis. In 
most specimens the red has a slight touch of yellowish. The race is extremely polymorphous, all forms occur 
with every kind of intermediary transition. The forms coronillae and trigonellae occur more rarely. The specimens 
of bohemia illustrated are the types. On plate 4 i and k we have illustrated the forms prinzi, aeacus, icterica, 
aurantiaca, metzgeri, gunneri and herrichschdfferi of the typical bohemia from Karlstein. — The var. styria Bgff. 
(4 1) from Upper Styria (surroundings of Thorl), Wachau is of very large build. The body is small in comparison 
with the very wide wings. Spot 6 is almost always absent. The red and yellow ephialtoid forms do not seem 
to occur in this race. The colouration is influenced by the considerable white admixture of the spots of forewings 
and the red thereby inclines to yellow. In more weakly developed specimens a more or less pronounced orange 
tinge occurs in hindwings. Melanie specimens are not rare in which the already very wide black margin of 
hindwings covers almost the whole space, only the place of spot 5 is left open. A $ from the collection of 
Burgeff is illustrated. 
The var. valesiaca Bgff. (4 1) occurs in the Rhone Valley, in the Valais (Martigny-Ville) and is represented 
in many collections owing to the activities of Mr. Wtjllschlegel. It occurs chiefly in red ephialtoid forms. 
The forms coronillae, trigonellae, as well as especially peucedani and athamanthae occur very rarely. The chief 
characteristic of this race is its variability, through which it differs considerably from the type race. The red 
dusting of the normal white forewing spots is unusually heavy. The ab. sophiae Favre (Vol. 2, p. 24) (4 1) with 
a second spot, that is always white on hindwings and that corresponds to the 4th forewing spot is not exactly 
rare here. The illustrated $ of valesiaca from Martigny-Ville is from the collection of Burgeff, the illustrated 0 
of sophiae from the same locality is from my collection. 
The var. albaflavens Vrty. (4 1) (= meridionalis Bgff., praeocc.; meridiei Bgff.) from the Etsch and 
Eisack valleys in the South Tyrol is typical there and occurs also in mid-Italy and the Balkan Peninsular, seems 
to be related to styria , although it almost always occurs in the trigonellae form. In regard to general appearance 
(size and wing contour) it is very similar to it. The sixth spot is sometimes indicated. A quite constant 
characteristic consists in the faint yellow colouration of the 2nd spot, that sometimes appears almost white. 
Illustration according to a specimen from Bolzano in my collection. 
angelico¬ 
jurassica. 
ephialtes. 
herrich¬ 
schdfferi. 
wullschle¬ 
geli. 
rubricauda. 
diffusa. 
atritella. 
ephialtoides. 
extrema. 
tricingulata. 
nigroic¬ 
terica. 
nigroaeacus. 
pseudo- 
coronillae. 
acingulata. 
flavo¬ 
bipuncta. 
borealis. 
bohemia. 
styria. 
valesiaca. 
albaflavens. 
