40 
ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss. 
altitudi- 
naria. 
privata. 
de pau¬ 
per ata. 
amplomar- 
ginata. 
sorrentinae- 
for mis. 
cingulata. 
autumnalis. 
hilfi. 
alpina. 
reducta. 
parvimacu¬ 
lata. 
confluens. 
omnicon- 
fluens. 
flava. 
athicaria. 
cingulata. 
jugi. 
flava. 
boica. 
splugena. 
a separation from sorrentina is justified, must still be proved. —- From the ligurian and etruscan Apennines 
and the Abruzzi Mountains (Mt. Gennaro and Mt. all’ Autore, in July) subsp. altitudinaria Trti. (= aestivalis 
Oberth.) (4 e) is described. In comparison to maritima it is relatively small, with sparse scaling, forewings narrow 
and pointed, colour a duller red, spots without black circumscription. Ground colour green or blue-green, not 
heavily glossy; hindwing margins narrow. The 3 illustrated originates from Mt. Majella (Abruzzi), 1600 m, 
leg. Romei. The following aberrations occur: ab. privata Costantini, see above; ab. depauperata Costantini, see 
above; ab. amplomarginata Rocci with wider margins to hindwings like pinguis ; ab. sorrentinaeformis Rocci, 
specimens similar to sorrentina-, ab. cingulata Trti. with a red belt. - - A smaller and semitransparent parallel 
generation occurring in September is forma autumnalis Vrty. - - The subsp. hilfi Reiss (4 e) from the sea-board 
of Istria- (Fuzine, Cologna) is a dainty race with pointed wings, a little smaller than maritima , 6 spotted, rarely 5 
spotted. Margins of hindwings vary in the widths of alpina-, maritima-, and litorea. The underside of fore wings 
has a fainter diffusion than is shown in maritima. The superficial blue gloss is considerably fainter, red brighter, 
more brilliant and inclining to greater yellow admixture. The 3 type from Fuzine is illustrated. I should like 
to still mention a specimen from Bosnia (Koricna), leg. Leonhard, and a small series from the transvlvanian 
Alps (Butschetsch), taken in August, leg. Dannehl, in my collection which can only be mentioned here on 
account of the small number of insects. According to this the distribution of transalpina proceeds much further 
to the East than has been presumed hitherto. — subsp. alpina Bsd. (= angelicae Bscl., angelicae Dup., transalpina 
Vorbr., helvetica Rothsch. and Beth.-Baker), Vol. 2, p. 442 as ab., (4 e): the description of Boisduval has had a 
curious fate. Oberthur first included alpina under transalpina-, later he considered it a dubia form from Digne. 
Type race from Grenoble on the Isere, in a wider sense Savoy and the western reaches of the Alps and as a 
subsp. of the entire territory of the Alps with the exception of the southern valleys of the northern Tyrol and Styria. 
The specimen illustrated according to Oberthur is from Digne. The name ferulae Led. (Vol. 2, p. 23) is with¬ 
drawn. The following aberrations are known: ab. reducta Trti. ( = quinquemaculata Vorbr.) without spot 6 on 
forewings; ab. parvimaculata Vorbr. with considerably reduced spot 3 or 4; ab. confluens Vorbr. with the spots 
confluent in all kinds of forms; ab. omniconfluens Vorbr. with completely confluent spots, so that only a little 
black is left; ab. flava Oberth., yellow' instead of red. - The very large race of the Etsch Valley coming between 
emendata and alpina, occurring near Bolzano and neighbourhood is named by Burgeff var. athicaria (= costaz- 
zina Std.). Superficial gloss more pronounced than in alpina, in the 3 generally blue, often with a purple sheen 
as in maritima , in the $ generally greeny-bronze. Hindwings with wider margins and generally with a pronounced 
cuneiform mark jutting out into the middle of the wing. A brilliant bright red. Here occurs ab. cingulata Bgff. 
with red abdominal belt. — var. jugi Bgff. (= altissima Bgff., praeocc.) (4 e) is a very pronounced high alpine 
race of transalpina from the Ortler territory. On the Stilfser Joch it occurs from 1800 m to 2400 m. The most 
important characteristics, which are not absent in a single specimen, are the narrow extended wings, the 
somewhat curved outer margin of the forewings, the short somewhat truncate antennae, the relatively 
short abdomen and the coarse and heavy hairing together with similar fringes, unusual in transalpina. The 
illustrated specimen is from the collection of Burgeff. - - The subsp. astragali Borkli. (Vol. 2, p. 23) ( = 
hippocrepidis O.) (4 e) attaches itself closely to the alpine transalpina. The most important characteristics are 
the size, the truncate wing apex and the fact that spots 5 and 6 of forewings are almost always separate. The 
round spots of forewings and the hindwings are all a brilliant red inclining somewhat towards vermilion. The 
black part of the wings has a very pronounced gloss, generally blue in the 3$, more rarely green, in the 
almost always green. The type race occurs in the middle Rhine Valley from Thurgovia to Coblenz. Besides 
this astragali occurs in the border hills of the upper Rhine lowlands. The yellow form is ab. flava 8pul. —- Here 
we place var. boica Bgff. (= bavarica Bgff., praeocc.) from the surroundings of the Starnberger Lake. In 
regard to wing contour, it is habitually similar to astragali, it is less densely scaled than same and with fainter 
superficial blue or green gloss of the black parts of the wings. Therefore the black circumscription of the spots 
of forewings is less pronounced. The red often changing to brownish rosy red being inclined to show the rose 
colour of alpine specimens as well as the brilliant vermilion-like red of astragali. Spots as in astragali, 
5 and 6 always separate, especially spot 4 with indicated white circumscription in the $$, which in the 33 can 
only be ascertained by means of a magnifying glass in the shape of a few white scales. Spot 4 sometimes pointed 
towards the base or conjoined with single minute red dots. Remarkable white tips to the antennae which in 
astragali are much less distinct. Margins of hindwings as in astragali, astragali and boica are the only 2 immigrant 
races to Germany of the Mediterranean transalpina. 
Burgeff has discovered 2 races in the Alps which in certain respects come half way between the 
central and Mediterranean transalpina. On the other hand they form an extraordinary characteristic group 
with their own individuality. It is subsp. splugena Bgff. (4 f) from the St. Bernard Pass and the lower Rhine 
Valley (Spliigen), the larva of which feeds exclusively on Hippocrepis comosa and has never been found on 
Lotus corniculatus, therefore behaving like the central transalpina (the Mediterranean transalpina larva feeds 
frequently in the open on Lotus as well as on Hippocrepis). The insects differ from the alpina type, firstly 
through the shape of the wings, which whilst being wide have however a curved and not a simple rounded 
outer margin and therefore appear to be pointed. The spots of forewings are about double as large as in alpina, 
5 and 6 are contiguous and incline to be confluent. Black margin of hindwings narrower than in alpina with a 
