ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss. 
39 
antennae long and heavy. A from the collection of Burgeff is illustrated. The following aberrations are 
named: ab. anficeconjuncta Vrty.: spot 1 and 3 confluent; ab. Hava Sicker (4 d) (instead of Dziurz. in Vol. 2, 
p. 23), yellow. — Here we have var. interjacens Bgff. (= intermedia Rocci), a race combining the race character¬ 
istics of altitudinaria and pinguis from medium altitudes of the Apennines (Val Scrivia, Val Bisagno), end of 
June to end of September, in 2 parallel generations. The ab. quinqueguttata Rocci is 5 spotted on upperside 
and 6 spotted on underside. — var. pseudointermedia Rocci (= intermedia Costantini) from the ligurian Apennines, 
Emilia, at an altitude of 700 m, approaches more closely to altitudinaria from the Abruzzi Mountains. Here 
ab. privata Costantini , 5 spotted and ab. depauperata Costantini : spot 3 completely absent. — Then follows 
subsp. maritima Obertk. (Vol. 2, p. 23), type race from the sea-board of the Maritime Alps (La Turbie), further 
from the sea-board of Liguria and on the western coast of central Italy. The typical maritima is daintily built, 
has a narrow body and relatively large wings with quite small forewing spots. Spot 0 is rarely absent: ab. 
trimacula n. nov. ( — trimaculata Obertk ., praeocc.). The blue gloss of the ground of forewings is predominant 
over the green gloss. Underside of forewings generally with considerable diffuse streak which only dissipates 
gradually in dark specimens. We also find in a number of the oC the peculiar purple sheen on the blue wings. 
— To the typical maritima has to be added var. promunturii Bgff. from Laigueglia. It occurs on the promontory 
of Capo Mele jutting out into the sea and covered with Pinus halepensis and Macchien on chalky ridges. The 
larvae are found on Hippocrepis comosa. Rather smaller in size than maritima-, forewing spots much smaller, 
generally in the form of pseudosorrentina (see below), larger in specimens with more or less red hindwings. 
About half the number of specimens is still further adumbrated. Traces of spot 6 are traceable on the upperside 
even if only in the shape of a few scales. A quite black specimen in which scarcely visible traces of scales 
indicate the 6 fore wing spots and the area of spots 4 and 6 of hindwings has been named by Burgeff ab. 
anthrax. — The characteristics for the 6 and 5 spotted var. pinguis Bgff. (= maritima Rocci) from the ligurian 
Apennines around Genoa, not immediately on the sea coast, are plain when compared with a typical maritima. 
pinguis has a plumper build, thicker body and relatively smaller wings, chiefly with green gloss and frequently 
without a 6th forewing spot. Aberrations are: ab. parvimaculata Rocci., spot 5 or 6 exceedingly minute; ab. 
depauperata ( Trti.) Rocci, see below; ab. pseudosorrentina ( Trti .) Bgff., see below; ab. amplomaculata Rocci 
with considerably enlarged forewing spots; ab. circumscripta Trti.: spots 3, 4 and 5, especially spot4, distinctly 
narrowly surrounded with yellowish; ab. diffusa Rocci : spots on the underside of forewings conjoined together 
by a red cloud; ab. brunnea (Dziurz.) Rocci, red-brown instead of red. — The 6 and 5 spotted var. litorea Bgff. 
( = transiens Rocci, praeocc.) (4 d) from the coastlands around Genoa (in May) is generally somewhat larger 
than pinguis. Ground colour blue-black, rarely with green gloss, the smaller spots and hindwings are darker 
red than in pinguis. Hindwings with very wide violet-black margin. The specimens illustrated are from the 
sea coast of Genoa. Aberrations to be mentioned are: ab. pseudomaritima Rocci, similar to maritima-, ab. 
pseudosorrentina (Trti.) Rocci, see below; ab. pseudocaiabrica Rocci, similar to calabrica with quite black hindwings; 
ab. depauperata (Trti.) Rocci, see below. — The race from Formia (Prov. Caserta) presumably from the sea¬ 
board of Mt. Aurunci in March and April is var. collina Bgff. (= italica ab. Dziurz., Vol. 2, p. 23, plate 5 h, 
maritima Querci, transiens Vrty.) 6 and 5 spotted. These are large, robust, brightly coloured insects inclining 
to the following aberrations: ab. depauperata Trti. with spot 3 or 4 absent on forewings; ab. annulafa Trti. 
with red abdominal belt; ab. pseudosorrentina Trti., similar to sorrentina. — In subsp. sorrentina Stgr. in Vol. 2, 
p. 23, (= stoechadis H.-Schaff.) from the peninsular of Sorrent and the surroundings of Naples the following 
aberrations are named: ab. sexmacula Dziurz. (Vol. 2, p. 442); ab. gramanni Std. : spot 1 of forewings absent, 
hindwings black or with small red dot in the middle; ab. roseopicta Trti. (= rubromixta Std.) with rosy-red 
colouration; ab. nigroinspersa Bgff.: spots adumbrated by a few distributed black scales; ab. albicincfa Bgff. 
with pronounced white surrounds to spots of forewings; ab. depauperata (Trti.) Bgff. (= tertiadeleta Std., 
mediodefecta Std.). see above; ab. pseudomaritima (Rocci) Bgff. with red hindwings similar to those of maritima-, 
ab. pseudolitorea Bgff. with widely margined hindwings similar to litorea-, ab. pseudocaiabrica (Calb.) Bgff. like 
calabrica ab. posticebipuncta Std. : hindwings black w r ith 2 neatly outlined separated spots; ab. posticetripuncta 
Std. like the former only with 3 spots on hindwings; ab. zickerti (Hoffm.) Bgff.-, ab. anmulata Trti., see above; 
ab. tripicta Std. with minute spots 2, 3 and 4, otherwise quite blue-black; ab. bipuncta Std. as the former, but 
only spots 3 and 4 still present; ab. Havescens Trti., yellowish instead of red. — var. (and ab.) xanthographa 
Germ. (= boisduvalii Heydenreich), Vol. 2, Plate 5 i, is yellow, 5 and 6 spotted. Costa has described a stoechadis 
var. Here we have ab. verity! Std. with narrow hindwing margins; ab. centripunctata Std. like the former, but 
in the middle of hindwings besides a blue-black spot; ab. radiafula Std. like verityi, but the yellow area from 
the base of the hindwings intersected by blue-black streaks; ab. zickerti Hoffm. (Vol. 2, p. 23). — The var. 
tenuissima Bgff. (= boisduvalii Perlini) is a small yellow summer race from Sarracinesco and from Mt. Gennaro, 
at the end of July; transitions to the red form occur. — At Albano in the Alban Mountains the largest yellow 
race of transalpina occurs: var. albama Bgff., ^ 17, $ 19 mm length of forewings. Red forms and transitions do not 
occur. — From Mt. di Mainarde (Villalatina), Mt. Sirente, in the first half July we have the very variable var. 
latina Vrty. (4 d, e) generally with considerable adumbration of hindwings like zickerti. Yellow specimens are 
not rare, but are never predominant. The illustrated specimens are from Mt. di Mainarde, leg. Querci. - 
Of the var. calabrica Calb., Vol. 2, p. 23, (= spicae Stgr.) from Calabria very little has become known. Whether 
anticeconj undo, ■ 
flava■ 
interjacens. 
quinqueguttata. 
pseudointermedic 
privata,. 
depauperata- 
trimacula. 
promunturii. 
anthrax. 
pinguis. 
parvimaculata ■ 
depauperata. 
pseudosorrentina 
amplomaculata. 
circumscripta. 
diffusa. 
brunnea. 
litorea. 
pseu domaritima. 
pseudosorrentina 
pseudocaiabrica. 
depauperata. 
collina. 
depauperata. 
annulata. 
pseudosorrentina 
sexmacula. 
gramanni. 
roseopicta. 
nigroinspersa. 
albidncta. 
depauperata. 
pseudomaritima. 
pseudolitorea. 
pseudocaiabrica. 
posticebipuncta. 
posticetrip uncta . 
zickerti. 
annulata. 
tripicta. 
bipuncta. 
flavescens. 
xanthographa. 
verityi. 
centri punctata. 
radiatula. 
tenuissima. 
albana. 
latina. 
