38 
ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss. 
paupere- 
tincta. 
autumnalis. 
nigra. 
silana. 
vivax. 
postice- 
obscurata. 
brevicorni- 
bus. 
inter mixta. 
natolica. 
achalcea. 
abbast li¬ 
ma na. 
Jcinder- 
manni. 
ledereriana. 
ussuriensis. 
vnversa. 
worthingi. 
burgeffi. 
transalpine. 
emendata. 
which resemble trifolii. — In July Verity captured at Bolognola a race coming between etruriae and pauper 
which he names pauperetincta. The forma autumnalis Vrty. is a parallel generation of this race that flies in 
September, which is smaller and more sparsely scaled. A single specimen of this race having hinclwings 
adumbrated similar to ab. nigra Dziurz. of seriziati, Verity names ab. nigra. - In subsp. silana Bgff. (= herthae 
Std., minima Trti., dimorphica Vrty.) (4 b) from Calabria, Sila, the very dark brilliant red and wide margins to 
hindwings are quite unusual for lonicerae. The forewings have a heavy superficial gloss. The specimens illus¬ 
trated are from Mt. Martinello in Calabria. — Here we classify var. vivax Vrty. from C'aserta (Mt. Mainarde), end 
of June, which differs from silana only through the less heavy margins of the hindwings and less heavy gloss. Here 
ab. posticeobscurafa Vrty. in which the hindwings are covered with black except for a red middle streak, also 
this middle streak is traversed by black lines along the veins. — ab. brevicomibus is the name given by Verity 
to specimens of all italian races with shorter antennae and wings. — In Andalusia, Aragon there is a special 
main race, the subsp. intermixta Vrty. (4 b, c) with wider more truncate wings at the apex, especially in the 
The shape and distribution of the spots is typical, spots 3 and 4 are rarely confluent, spot 4 generally 
pointed towards the base of the wings, roundish, lachryform or cordiform. The margin of hindwings is narrower 
than in typical lonicerae. In spite of the thin scaling all specimens, even the have a quite unusually deep 
blue gloss on their short scaled bodies and on the black parts of the wings, which is quite unusual for lonicerae. 
In a few specimens this gloss has a greenish sheen. The specimens illustrated are from Aragon (Sierra Alta). 
From Anatolia (Sultan-Dagh) at the end of June, at about 1700 m, we find subsp. natolica Reiss (4 c) about 
the same size as trifolii with more acutely pointed wings. The spots 3 and 4 of the forewings are close 
together. Blue gloss on forewings and body. Red carmine-rose. The $ type is illustrated. — The subsp. 
achalcea Bgff. (4 c) from Armenia (Achalzich) is very large, only slightly smaller than major, with wide wings 
and very heavy feelers in the and heavily haired body. Ground colour with a pronounced steel-blue gloss, 
more rarely greenish. Spots always separated on fore wings and very wide margins to hindwings, dark carmine 
red, sometimes with somewhat yellow admixture. The $ illustrated is from the collection of Biirgeff. 
Specimens from Abbas-Tuman are of dainty build, narrower extended wings and very darkly margined 
hindwings: var. abbastumana Reiss (4 c). The type is illustrated. — var. kindermanni Oberth. (= stoechadis 
Freyer) was placed by Oberthur to stoechadis. It actually corresponds with stoechadis in the markings, in 
general appearance however with achalcea, but it is smaller. The spots of forewings are small, the hindwings 
have a red streak from the base of wings outwards in conjunction with a large spot on the median nervule (5). 
From the Caucasus, Cuban territory. An examination of the genitals has proved them to be typical 
lonicerae genitals. Here we have ab. ledereriana Bgff. (= stoechadis var. Led.) with bright orange-yellow spots 
of forewings, hindwings almost black, only a little orange yellow at the base, at the end of the cell a round 
orange-yellow spot. — The subsp. ussuriensis Reiss (4 c) from Ewgieniewka, Ussuri, is somewhat smaller than 
typical lonicerae, more sparsely scaled and rather brighter carmine red. Wings more extended, spots 3, 4 and 5 
almost round, spot 3 almost as large as spots 4 and 5, spots 3 and 4 nearly contiguous. Hindwings with normal 
black margins, rather heavier black fringes of the inner margin. Underside as the upperside only slightly paler. 
Antennae slightly daintier than in lonicerae, hairs on the body heavier. The specimen illustrated is from the 
Hungarian National Museum. 
inversa Tutt is a bred hybrid from a crossing between lonicerae <$ and filipendulae worthingi Tutt from a 
crossing between lonicerae and trifolii $, and burgeffi Przegendza from a crossing between lonicerae and 
ephialtes v. borealis 2. 
The larva of lonicerae feeds in mid Europe on Lotus corniculatus L., Trifolium montanum L. and 
Onobrychis sativa Link. 
XII. Subgen. Polymorpha Bgff. 
Z. transalpina Esp., Vol. 2, p. 23 and p. 442 (= medicaginis Him., charon Bsd., loti Vrty.). This, 
possibly the most interesting species, separates into the central and Mediterranean groups. The central group 
inhabits central Germany, France southwards to the Provence and over the Pyrenees to Spain and is presumably 
a survival of the tertiary period. In Germany it reaches in one place to the Algau Alps. The Mediterranean 
group, which has developed south of the Alps, presumably only reached the Alps after the ice period and 
proceeded to invade the Rhine and Inn Valleys. It covers besides the entire region of the Alps, Italy as far as 
Calabria, ending in the west in the Basses-Alpes, in the east in the Adriatic sea-board and the Carst; further 
it occurs in Bosnia and the transylvanian Alps. The central group has the apex of the wings pointed, spots 5 
and 6 closely approximated; the Mediterranean group has a truncate apex to the wings and widely separated 
spots. These are the chief characteristics which suffice to discriminate individual specimens of each group. 
I. Mediterranea n G r oup: the type race of transalpina Verity has discovered on the italian 
forerunners to the Alps around Lago Maggiore. — subsp. emendata Vrty. (4 d) (Mazerata) is distributed in the 
plains of the Po, north and central Italy, east of the Apennines. It is larger than the typical transalpina, with 
dark red, faint blue gloss on forewings, narrow black margins to hindwings and a cuneiform mark on vein C 2; 
