36 
ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss. 
intermedia. 
huguenini. 
trifolii. 
ssxmacula- 
ta. 
rubescens. 
extrema. 
obsoteta. 
pauperrima. 
Candida. 
confluens. 
sexmacula- 
ta. 
nigricans, 
subsyracu- 
siae. 
transferens. 
deer eta. 
longicorni- 
bus. 
dupon- 
cheliana. 
glycirrhi- 
zae. 
dupon- 
cheliella. 
hibera. 
hiberuncula. 
olbiana. 
paraustra- 
lis. 
tinacria ■ 
kriigeri. 
secundo- 
genita. 
barcelonen- 
sis. 
depravata. 
intricata. 
australis. 
pseudocaeru- 
lescens. 
ruficostata. 
The hybrid from the crossing between filipendulae and lonicerae $ has been named intermedia by Tutt. 
The larva of filipendulae feeds in mid Europe on Lotus cornieulatus L., as also does the stoechadis larva 
in S. France, the stoechadis larva in S. Europe feeds besides on Dorycnium suffruticosum Vill. and also on 
Dorycnium herbaceum Vili. 
Z. huguenini Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 26, plate 6 i) from Ferghana. 
Z. trifolii Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 21 and p. 442). Distributed through Central Europe, the islands of the north 
german coast, England and the northern Balkans. The type described by Esper originated from Frankfurt on 
the Main. Besides the forms described as aberrations in Vol. 2 the following also occur: ab. sexmaculata 
( Oberth .) Bgff. (Berlin), see below; ab. minoides Selys (= confluens Stgr.); ab. rubescens Bgff.: spot 1 on the 
costa diffusing upwards as far as spot 5, all the other spots irregularly enlarged and conjoined together, the 
veins remain black; ab. trivittata Speyer ; ab. extrema Tutt (Vol. 2, p. 442). In ab. obsoleta Tutt one or more 
of the forewing spots are absent; ab. pauperrima Vorbr. is uni-coloured black on all wings (Stafa in Switzerland); 
ab. Candida Bgff. (— albomaculata Locher) shows an absence of red pigment, purely white instead of red 
(Regensburg). The names glycirrhizae Hbn., ba.salis Selys, intermedia Tutt and semilutescens Higgs (Vol. 2, 
p. 21 and p. 442) are withdrawn as representing transitions. — The var. gracilis Fuchs (Vol. 2, p. 21) is the 
summer form occurring in the middle Rhine Valley from the end of July to the beginning of September. It has 
finer scaling, frequently spots 3 and 4 on forewings are separated, further it has more slender and pointed 
antennae than the spring form; specimens with confluent forewing spots are more rare. The form named gracilis 
by Fitchs from a few specimens collected on the Loreley is smaller but with the exception of this smaller size 
corresponds with the summer form (see above). — In N. W. France (near Rennes as type race) and in Eng¬ 
land trifolii is represented by subsp. palustris Oberth., Vol. 2, p. 21, (= trifolii Briggs, trifolii-major Tutt), 
large with brilliant red and considerable variability. The name palustrella Vrty. is deemed synonymous with 
palustris. Here occurs ab. confluens Oberth. with completely red spot area; ab. sexmaculata Oberth. and ab. 
nigricans Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 442), in the latter the red of the spots and the hindwings is adumbrated to grev- 
brown; f. subsyracusiae Vrty. is a form found chiefly on the N. W. coast of France and in the Channel Islands 
in which the spots of the are considerably reduced and the dark margin of the hindwings increased; f. trans¬ 
ferens Vrty. (= britanniae Vrty., Warthill, Yorkshire, misera Vrty.) from Tring Park in Hertfordshire has 
spots 3 and 4 separated and hindwings with a narrow margin. — var. decreta Vrty. from Sussex (England) 
is a dwarf race in which in the majority of specimens spots 3 and 4 are separated. Here we have ab. longicornibus 
Vrty. with extremely long antennae, especially in the <$<$. — The subsp. duponcheliana Oberth. (= trifolii Dup.) 
from the East Pyrenees (C-asteil and Vernet-les-Bains, in May and September) is relatively smaller than olbiana 
(see below) with dull gloss, spots and hindwings carmine-rose. Here we have ab. glycirrhizae (Him.) Oberth. 
Specimens occurring at the end of September which are somewhat daintier, are named by Verity as f. dupon- 
cheliella. - subsp. hibera Vrty. (4 a) from Oviedo (Asturia, Spain) is equal to typical palustris in size, but partly 
has somewhat longer antennae, more truncate forewings and heavy bodies in the $$. The specimens illustrated 
are from the collection of Verity. Specimens resembling syracusiae are named by Verity ab. hiberuncula. 
subsp. olbiana Oberth. (3 o) from the Department Var (Hyeres) in May. The ground colour is indigo-blue with 
faint gloss, spots small and lively carmine-red, hindwings carmine-red with wide margins. Antennae 
relatively long, thorax and abdomen black-blue. The $ has narrower wings and similarity with lonicerae. 
Colouration is less bright than in the and spots are larger. The 2nd and 3rd figure from the left on plate 3 o 
represent a T9 from Hyeres (Var) from the collection of Burgeff; the 4th figure from the left is a reproduction 
of Oberthur’s illustration. — subsp. syracusiae Zell. (Vol. 2, p. 21) (= siciliae Vrty.) from Sicily. The type 
race is distinguishable by relatively long abdomen and longer antennae, of which the tips appear more pointed, 
small spots, hindwings with almost uniform heavy black margin. Specimens similar to australis are ab. 
paraustralis Vrty.; ab. tinacria Vrty. is a fairly large form with large spots and somewhat narrower margins 
to hindwings. In ab. kriigeri Ragusa ( = punctonotata Vrty., trans.) spots 3 and 5 are conjoined. —The smaller 
form flying in September and presumably a 2nd generation in Sicily and Algeria is named by Verity f. secundo- 
genita. The var. barcelonensis Reiss from Catalonia (Barcelona), in May, is generally somewhat larger than 
syracusiae and has more pointed forewings. Spot 3 is very small and always separated from the large spot 4. 
Margination of hindwings also in the 9? is as wide as in syracusiae. The f. depravata Sag. (3 o) from Llobregat 
in Catalonia, occurring in October, is described by Bethune-Baker as a special species clorinda. It refers to 
very small specimens probably of a 2nd generation, spot 4 is always separate from spot 3, but smaller in pro¬ 
portion than in barcelonensis. Normal large specimens, which however scarcely differ except through their 
somew'hat smaller size from specimens flying in May are named by Sagarra f. intricata (3 o). The specimens 
illustrated of depravata and intricata were captured by Querci. — The var. australis Oberth. (= australis Led., 
nomen nudum; trifolii Rmb.) from N. Africa, S. Spain, is smaller than syracusiae, densely scaled with greenish- 
bronze gloss on forewings. The bright carmine of the spots has a touch of claret colour; hindwings are carmine-rose 
and fairly widely surrounded by steel blue. Here we have: ab. pseudocaerulescens Bgff. with hindwings more 
or less blackened (Lambessa); ab. ruficostata Holl: spot 1 on the costa diffusing upwards to the level of spot 5. 
