ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss. 
35 
Genoa is illustrated.^The aberrations to be named here are: ab. bongerti Reiss (3 1) (Genoa) with spots of 
forewing diffusing longitudinally; ab. tmdecimaculata Rocci with 5 spots on upperside and 6 spots on underside; 
ab. tripuncfata Rocci : spots 3 and 5 missing, the remaining spots reduced in size; ab. impar Rocci with 6 spots 
on upperside and 5 spots on underside; ab. plusnotata Rocci : spot 4 distinctly separated in 2 parts; ab. parvi- 
guttata Rocci with quite small red spots; ab. reducta Rocci : spots 3 and 4 missing ( = quadripuncta Rocci , trans.); 
ab. nigrafa Dziurz. in Vol. 2, p. 442 (= nigerrima Reiss) (3 m), the specimen illustrated is the nigerrima type; 
ab. mediounita Rocci: spots 3 and 4 confluent; ab. triconjuncta Rocci: spots 1 and 2, 3 and 4, 5 and 6 of 
forewings confluent on underside, lying in a faintly red spot area; ab. lavanduloides Rocci, spots of forewings 
with black borders; ab. biguttata Rocci: hindwings blue-black with a red spot in the middle; ab. zonata Rocci, 
the red hindwing is separated into 2 parts by a black cuneiform mark proceeding from the outer margin; ab. 
ziatoroga Reiss (= citrina Rocci) (3 m), yellow instead of red (Genoa); ab. judicariaeformis Rocci similar to judi- 
cariae Call). (Vol. 2, p. 22), especially observable in adumbrated quite fresh specimens; ab. violacea Rocci with 
a violet sheen on all wings; ab. cuprea Rocci with green-bronze gloss; ab. dubia ( Stgr.) Rocci-, ab. sexmaculafa 
Rocci with 6 spots on upper and undersides; ab. septemaculata Rocci: spot 6 divided into 2 parts; ab. amplo- 
maculata Rocci with considerably increased spots, especially spot No. 5. — The presumable 2nd generation is 
forma autumnalis Reiss{= genuensis Rocci) (3 m), it is much smaller than the first generation and flies in reduced 
number in September (Genoa). The illustrated is the type. - Rocci describes the var. rnicrostoechadis 
(Mt. Maggio, Val Scrivia) from the heights of the ligurian Apennines (700—1500 m). In size it is approximately 
like autumnalis , is more weakly scaled and less glossy. It occurs in July and August. — An intermediate race 
from the reaches of the ligurian Apennines (300—600 m according to Rocci) which comes between gigantea 
and rnicrostoechadis has been named by Rocci as var. liguris (Mt. Alpesisa, Val Bisagno). It does not incline 
to such an extent of adumbration and is smaller than gigantea. — Here follow: var. aterrima Vrty. (5 and 6 
spotted) from N. Tuscany (the mountains above Lucca and Pistoia). This is a small race with wing 
expanse 27—31 mm in the <$, in which a very heavy adumbration of the wings is predominant. — var. etrusca 
Vrty. from Florence (Pian di Mugnone) has a very heavy green gloss, the red is brilliant carmine. Size as 
ochsenheimeri and mostly 6 spotted. Margin of hindwings approximately like pyrenes. Here we have ab. 
loniceraeformis Vrty. wdthout the 6th forewdng spot. — var. oraria Vrty. (5 or 6 spotted) from the coast of 
Tuscany (near Viareggio) is larger than etrusca, however not so large as gigantea although closely resembling 
this race. — var. campaniae Stgr.-Rbl. (Vol. 2, p. 22) from the Campagna (Mt. Aurunci). — var. montivaga Vrty. 
(6 or 5 spotted) (3 m) from Mt. Sibillini (Bolognola), Abruzzi, is like aterrima in regard to size but less 
lively coloured, generally 6 spotted. Margin of hindwings generally wider than microchsenheimeri. A from 
the collection of Verity is illustrated. — subsp. siciliensis Vrty. (3 m) from Sicily (neighbourhood of Palermo 
in May). It varies little, with very narrow margin to hindwings, size as ochsenheimeri. The spots on underside 
of forewings are situate in a red area. The illustrated is from the collection of Verity and from the neigh¬ 
bourhood of Palermo. — Here we have var. calabra Vrty. from Calabria (Piano di Carmelia, 1200 m, Aspromonte), 
in which the rfd hr comparison with siciliensis incline more to resemblance with ochsenheimeri, whilst the $9 
often approach the pulcherrimaeformis type. Therefore there is a considerable sexual dimorphism. As an 
aberration to be mentioned here ab. pulcherrimaeformis Vrty., specimens that resemble pulcherrima (3 k). 
“The name diagnoses given by Verity as capable of combination, to cover comparisons of the italian 
races (which he however designates as denominations without systematic intentions) have not been included." 
The separate main races of Asia can be briefly sketched as follows: subsp. ramburi Led. from Syria 
(3 n) with rose colour, ground colour mostly steel blue. Spots 5 and 6 form a wide stripe, (almost crescent form) 
rounded towards the apex, spots 3 and 4 faintly confluent. With a hyaline patch at the base of hindwings. 
The newly illustrated specimen presumably originates from the collection of Lederer, its origin is given as 
Antiochia. —var. rosa Oberth. (ab. ?) (3 n) from Akbes (Syria). The rose-red of the spots covers the upperside 
irregularly almost over the whole forewing, underside of forewings completely rose coloured as the hindwings, 
which also show a hyaline patch stretching out from the base. Illustration according to Oberthur. — var. 
gurda Led. (= mersina H.-Schafj.) from Mersina (Asia Minor) with more extended and pointed wings than 
ramburi. The red is somewhat darker. Ground colour of the steel blue, of the $ glossy green. A hyaline 
patch stretches out from the base of the hindwings. According to the illustration of Lederer spots 3 and 4 
in the type are considerably increased and confluent, spot 6 is widely attached to spot 5. — subsp. anodolitia 
Reiss (3 n) from Ak-Shehir (Asia Minor). A pure filipendulae type, larger, wings wider and red darker than in 
ramburi. In typical specimens spots 3 and 4 are confluent or attached to one another. Spots 5 and 6 in about 
half the specimens are round and isolated, in the other half they are confluent. On the underside of forewings the 
spots are still recognisable although situate in a diffusion of rosy colour which covers the entire spot area. Margin 
of hindwings narrow. The types are illustrated. —subsp. syriaca Oberth. from Akbes (Syria) (3 n) is large and 
robust, ground colour blue-greenish glossy (6 or 5 spotted), red of spots and hindwings a bright carmine. The 
diffusion around the spots on underside of forewings is generally absent. Spots 5 and 6 are always separate. 
The specimens illustrated are from the Museum at Tring and probably Oberthur’s cotypes. — A large race 
from the Taurus which is very similar to the preceding race is named: subsp. tauriana Bgff. ( = taurica Dziurz., 
praeocc., Vol. 2, p. 442) (3 o). Underside of forewings also without a diffusion of red around spots. Differs 
from syriaca by the very truncate forewings, spot 6 is widely separated from spot 5. The illustration shows 
a C from the Taurus from the collection oLBiirgeff. — subsp. hacljina Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 22, plate 5 c) from 
the Taurus. 
bongerti. 
undeci- 
maculala. 
tri punctata. 
impar. 
plusnotata. 
parvigut- 
tata. 
reducta. 
nigrata. 
mediounita. 
triconjunc- 
ta. 
laxandu- 
loides. 
biguttata. 
zonata. 
ziatoroga. 
judicariae¬ 
formis. 
violacea. 
cuprea. 
dubia. 
sexmacu- 
lata. 
septemacu¬ 
lata. 
amplo- 
maculata. 
autumnalis. 
micro- 
■stoechadis. 
liguris. 
aterrima. 
etrusca. 
lonicerae¬ 
formis. 
oraria. 
montivaga. 
siciliensis. 
calabra. 
pulclier- 
rimae- 
f or mis. 
ramburi. 
rosa. 
gurda. 
anodolitia. 
syriaca. 
tauriana. 
