34 
ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss. 
paulula. 
vitrea. 
pseudo- 
manni. 
stoec-ha- 
dioides. 
biconjuncta. 
apicecon- 
juncta. 
autumnalis. 
zarana. 
microchsen- 
heimeri. 
anceps. 
oberthuri- 
ana. 
angelicae- 
formis. 
pyrenes. 
angloitalica. 
italoanglica. 
seeboldi. 
gemma. 
privata. 
himmig- 
hofeni. 
bavarica ■ 
oberthuri. 
dubia. 
flava. 
duponcheli. 
dubia. 
pseudo- 
stoechadis. 
flava. 
gigantea. 
very thinly scaled, hindwings with one spot (5) and slightly reddened base. — Further var. paulula Vrty. from 
the Stelvio-Pass with spot 6 of forewings regularly reduced. — var. vitrea Bgff. (3 k) from Stalden, Saas-Fee 
(in the Valais) which is extraordinarily finely scaled so that it resembles coloured glass. The specimen illustrated 
is from the collection of Burgeff. — Schawerda has described the var. pseudomanni from Bosnia and 
Herzegovina (Trebinje) which is very sparsely scaled like manni, but has not dense hairs like same on abdomen. 
The next main race is the strain from the southern Alps, S. France, upper and central Italy and the 
Balkans, which has been assembled under the name subsp. ochsenheimeri Zell. (Vol. 2, p. 23). Zeller wishes 
to differentiate transalpina O. from transalpina Esp. Ochsenheimer indicates Italy and S. France as the habitat. 
As type race, the race also indicated by the description filipendulae-major Esp. as it occurs around Montpellier 
is adopted. Aberrations to be mentioned are: ab. dubia Stgr. ; ab. stoechadioides Std. (Cologna near Trieste), 
6 spotted, hindwings black instead of red, only in the distal area a fairly large red spot, the reddish colouration 
is reflected through at the base; ab. biconjuncta Vrty.: spots 3 and 4 as well as 5 and 6 confluent, and ab. 
apiceconjuncta Vrty. : spots 5 and 6 confluent. — The autumn generation is forma autumnalis {Reiss) Bgff. 
(= exigua Std.). Maus bred specimens from the ova to the imago without hibernation between the end of June 
to October 1910. The specimens are about y 3 rd smaller than the usual size. — Burgeff described from Zara 
in Dalmatia the var. zarana (3 k) with purely filipendulae type and unusually pointed and narrow wings. Spot 6 
of forewings is considerably reduced, very distinctly intersected by the vein, frequently only half the spot 
present, often even entirely absent. The black margin of the narrow hindwings is always wider than in 
ochsenheimeri. The specimen illustrated is a $ from the collection of Burgeff. — The race from the high 
Apennines (Mt. di Mainarde) var. microchsenheimeri Vrty. (3 k) is small and dainty with narrow wings. 
The specimen illustrated is from the collection of Verity from Valle Mollarino, 500 m. — Further to be named 
are: var. anceps Oberth. from the delta of the Rhone, Var, in June and smaller specimens in September, 5 or 6 
spotted, thinly scaled and less glossy than duponcheli (see below), hindwings with narrower black margins, 
red a lively carmine-rose. On underside of forewings a diffuse stripe in very different degrees of development. 
- var. oberthiiriana Bgff. (= angelicae-alpina Oberth.) from the Basses-Alpes (Digne) is 5 or 6 spotted with all 
sorts of transitions, ground colour more or less blue or green glossy, red a lively carmine. The carmine-rose 
diffuse streak on the underside of forewings is not always constant and sometimes absent. Specimens with 5 
spots are named ab. angelicaeformis Vrty. — Then var. pyrenes Vrty. (= dubia Oberth.) from the Pyrenees 
(Vernet les Bains), in which frequently specimens occur with 5 spots and again specimens without the diffuse 
streak on the underside of forewings. Hindwings with fairly heavy dark margins. — Bred hybrids from a 
crossing between filipendulae S and ochsenheimeri $ have been named by Tutt angloitalica and hybrids from 
a reverse crossing italoanglica. — To be classified here from Spain: subsp. seeboldi Oberth. (3 k) from Bilbao, 
densely scaled with bluish or greenish superficial gloss on the forewings, 6 or 5 spotted. Red a brilliant carmine, 
margin of hindwings very narrow. The $ specimen illustrated is from Bilbao. — subsp. gernina Bgff. (3 1) from 
the Province of Murcia (type race from Sierra Segura), Aragon, Portugal (Coimbra) is always o spotted. It is 
difficult to differentiate from lonicerae subsp. intermixta Vrty. occurring at the same locality by the somewhat 
varying and narrower black margin of the hindwings which bulges in a different shape. Further the spots on 
the forewings are generally slightly smaller. However, it is easily differentiated through the genitals. In gemina 
sq>ot 4 of the forewings is generally cut off straightly towards the base, rarely it is pointed outwards, narrow and 
inclining perpendicularly to the media, whilst in intermixta from the same locality spot 4 is generally pointed 
towards the base of the wings and is roundish lachryform or cordiform (see also under lonicerae , p. 38). The 
specimens illustrated are from Aragon. Here we have ab. privata Bgff., originally described as belonging to 
lonicerae (Vol. 2, p. 21/22), in which spot 3 of the forewing is absent. — subsp. himmighofeni Bgff. (3 1) ( = 
stoechadis Rmb., kindermanni Oberth., catalonica Sag., praeocc.) from Catalonia is a race with heavy blue 
gloss and often with heavily blackened hindwings. On underside the spots are not confluent. The S' illustrated 
is from Llinas, 200 m (leg. Querci). 
The subsp. stoechadis Borkh. (= lavandulae Esp.) in Vol. 2, p. 22 and p. 442 mentioned as a separate 
species is not easily differentiable from filipendulae, as in the boundaries of its distribution it is closely related 
to same. A crossing between a of filipendulae from Herrsching in Bavaria and a $ of the stoechadis race from 
Genoa created no difficulties. The hybrids which Burgeff named bavarica are all fairly exactly intermediary 
and approximately resemble ochsenheimeri with a reduced 6th spot on the forewings. They are completely 
fertile in interbreeding, stoechadis is distributed in the southern valleys of the Alps, “the Maritime Alps and the 
Julian Alps (as type race)” and in upper and central Italy. Aberrations of the type race to be mentioned are: 
f. oberthuri Dziurz. (Vol. 2, p. 442); ab. judicariae Call). (Vol. 2, p. 22); ab. dubia (Stgr.) Seitz (Vol. 2, p. 22, 
plate 5 b); ab. flava (Oberth.) Bgff., the yellow form. The ab. siepii Oberth., mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 442, 
belongs to lavandulae. — The race from the sea-board of the Maritime Alps is var. duponcheli Vrty. (= medi- 
caginis Dup.). Almost always 5 spotted, spots of forewings generally clearly separated on underside, hind¬ 
wings with wider or narrower dark margins and partly adumbrated as in stoechadis. Aberrations to be 
mentioned here are: ab. dubia (Stgr.) Oberth.-, ab. pseudostoechadis (Borkh.) Bgff. (= medicaginis Oberth.) 
like stoechadis-, ab. flava Oberth., yellow. - - In the sea-board of the ligurian Apennines we find gigantea Rocci 
(3 1), a very large race with heavily scaled wide wings and very variable. A $ from the sea-board near 
