32 
ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss. 
pseudo- 
stentzii. 
rhaetica. 
funerea. 
stentzii. 
farriolsi. 
quinque- 
maculata. 
silenus. 
giussana. 
decora. 
charon■ 
scabiosae- 
formis. 
examacula- 
ta. 
paupercula. 
kerleri. 
nigra. 
biguttaia. 
nig errim a. 
rubefacta. 
silaecola. 
cingulata- 
confluens. 
rubricosta. 
dacica. 
pseudomeli- 
loti. 
pseudoitali- 
ca. 
bosniensis. 
menoetius. 
burgeffiana 
niphona. 
cilicica 
with deep black margins. The $ illustrated is the type from my collection. Here again we have ab. 
pseudostentzii (Bgff.) Reiss (see above). var. rhaetica Bgff. (= alpina Reiss praeocc.) from the Orisons 
(Filisur) a wide winged, densely scaled race with lustreless black ground colour and dull dusky red, always 
five-spotted, with wider margin to hindwings. Larva instead of being sea-green is grey-colour. A specimen with 
5 sooty-red spots on forewings and hindwings coloured black-red from base to midway is named ab. funerea 
by Coknelsen. — In the neighbourhood of Gorizia and Gradisca we find var. stentzii Freyer ( = cingulata 
Frey) which frequently occurs with red belt. - Here we best classify var. farriolsi described by Sagarra from 
Puigsacalm (Catalonia), always five-spotted, a faint bluish gloss on forewings and regularly a fairly wide 
blue-black margin to hindwings. 
The following aberrations have been described of subsp. teriolensis Speyer (Vol. 2, p. 25, plate 6 e) 
from the south eastern valleys of the Alps (Mesocco Valley, Etsch Valley), upper and mid-Italy, almost always 
six-spotted, red spots 5 and 6 often widely coalescing, margins of hindwings fairly wide: ab. quinquemaculata 
Vorbr. with only 5 spots on fore wings and ab. decora Led. (Vol. 2, p. 25, plate 6 e) (= stentzii H.-Schaff.) with 
red belt. As races we name: var: silenus Bgff. small and with narrow wings and small forewing spots and very 
adumbrated hindwings, differing from italica by the sparser scaling and smaller size, from Maresca and var. 
giussana Std. from Mount Faito, Sorrent (Sila Giusso, 1000 m) whic haccording to the description is almost always 
six-spotted and generally has a wider black margin to hindwings than teriolensis. The red-belted form: ab 
decora Std. is just as frequent as the unbelted form. - - Now follows subsp. charon Hbn. (3 g) from the south 
west valleys of the Alps and the Maritime Alps. Here all six forewing spots are smaller, almost always separated 
from one another, the hindwings with an increase of black. The specimens illustrated are from Mount Cheiron 
in July. In ab. scabiosaeformis Le Charles from Belvedere (Maritime Alps) spots 3 and 5 are confluent. The 
var. italica Car. (Vol. 2, p. 25, plate 6 d) from the sea-board of the ligurian Apennines is probably the darkest 
race of meliloti. The following aberrations occur: ab. exaniaculata Rocci (= incompleta Rocci, trans.) with 6 
instead of 5 spots on forewings; ab. paupercula Rocci with spot 1 of forewings missing. The ab. kerleri Reiss 
(3 g) has black forewings with scarcely perceptible traces of red scales in place of spots 1, 2 and 5, the hindwings 
are also quite black except for a scarcely visible little red spot in the middle of same. In ab. nigra Dziurz. 
the red is extended from base in ray-like formation over the otherwise black hindwing. Further ab. biguttata 
Rocci with a distinct red spot in the middle of the otherwise black hindwing; ab. nigerrima Rocci with quite 
black hindwings and ab. rubefacia Rocci with narrow almost uniform black margination of hindwings. — The 
subsp. sicnla Calb. (Vol. 2, p. 25) (3 h), type race from Mistretta has to be mentioned. The specimen illustrated 
is from Le Madonie (Sicily) at 1700 m altitude. - var. silaecola Vrty. (3 h) (= silana Trti. praeocc.) from the 
Sila (Calabria) is six- or five-spotted, generally with heavy black on hindwings and reminds one of italica. Here 
we have ab. cingulata Trti. (= decora Bgff.) with red abdominal belt; ab. confluens Trti. with confluent spots 
and ab. rubricosta Trti. with spot 1 projecting beyond spot 3. The specimen silaecola illustrated is from the 
collection of Burgeef. 
In Styria, Carniola, parts of Hungary, Transylvania and Rumania we find subsp. dacica Car. (Vol. 2, 
p. 413 as ab.) with wide black margins to hindwings, which in some specimens are so wide that only the middle 
patch of the hindwings retains its red. Aberrations occurring are: ab. pseudonieliloti (Car.) Bgff. similar to 
meliloti ; ab. annulata Car. with red abdominal belt (Vol. 2, p. 25); ab. pseudoitalica (Car.) Bgff. similar to italica. 
Then follow subsp. bosniensis Reiss (Type race from Koricna in S. IV. Bosnia) from Bosnia and Herzegowina 
at an altitude of over 1000 m with somewhat wider wings and remarkably long abdomen that is rather more 
heavily haired. A pronouncedly mountain race, only slightly variable and with dusky red. Red abdominal 
belt not present. All insects are five-spotted with fairly heavy even black margins to hindwings. — Further 
var. menoetius Bgff. from the Vuciabara near Gacko (1300 m) in Herzegowina which is described as follows: 
size about as italica , but always five-spotted. Spots of forewings large, sometimes elongated, hindwings with 
regular very wide black margins. Scaling is finer and hairs less coarse than in bosniensis. 
The races from Asia so far known are var. dahurica B.sd. (Vol. 2, p. 25, plate 6 d), only from S. E. 
Siberia; var. mongolica Stgr. and Rbl, (Vol. 2, p. 25) from Mongolia and subsp. confusa Stgr. (A ol. 2, p. 25, 
plate 6 d) from Ala-Tau. In completion I should mention the larger, more brightly coloured and widely red 
belted race from Kuldjar, N. E. Persia, specimens of which are both in Burgeff’s as well as in my collection 
■ and which I name burgeffiana n. siibsp. (3 h). 
Food plants of meliloti larvae in mid-Europe are Onobrychis sativa Link, Vicia tenuifolia Roth, and 
Lotus corniculatus L. 
Z. niphona Btlr. (Vol. 2, p. 25, plate 6 e) (= christophi Stgr.) from the Amur territory and Japan is 
classified here. 
Z. cilicica Bgff. (3 h) (= ledereri Stgr., praeocc., laphira H.-Schaff., laphria H.-Schaff.) from Pontus, 
Taurus and Syria. The specimen illustrated was kindly sent to me by Burgeff. The short truncate antennae 
are characteristic, as well as the relatively long and stout body and the heavy margins to hindwings 
