ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss. 
29 
parts of the wings the considerable increase in the black pigments being at the expense of the red, which is 
evidenced in a proportion of specimens (abt. 2/3rds of the an d l/3rd of the $$) by the absence of spot 6 
of forewings. The following aberrations are named: ab. dichroma ( Hirschke) Rocci; ab. [pseudojberolinensis dicfc/omo. 
Seitz (Vol. 2, p. 30, plate 8 g) (= berolinoides Trti.; dealbata Rocci), ab. pseudocatniolica Rocci (—- p.^tudo rolinensis. 
hedysari Bgff.) with bold spot 6 of forewings and with white border; ab. dupuyi (Oberth.) Bgff. (3 b); ab. nigrocincta pseudo- 
Rocci (= nigrosupposita Bgff., genovensis Reiss) (3 b), 5- or 6-spotted with black borders to forewing spots; 
ab. bohafschi Rocci (see above); ab. nigricans Bgff. (= parvipuncta Rocci trans.) with considerably reduced n { ( p 0C { n cta. 
or blackened forewing spots, 5- or 6-spotted with or without white circumscriptions; ab. depauperata Trti. bohatschi. 
(= paupera Bgff., deleta Rocci) (3 c) without spot 4 on forewings, besides which also spot 3 and 5 can be 
missing; ab. stoechadoides Trti. (= nigrescens Rocci, ornata Bgff.) with small spots and black traverse band on perata. 
hindwings; ab. octonotata Trti. (= prolifera Bgff., octornata Reiss), spot 4 of forewings intersected by the ^echar^ 
vein, so that a figure of “8” is created. The ab. laticlavia Bgff. with black margin of hindwings double as wide octonotata "' 
as usual, ab. cuprea Trti. with coppery shining ground colour; ab. cingulata Dziurz. ( = cingulata Bgff.) and ab. laticlavia. 
canuta Rocci (see above) also must be mentioned. The specimens illustrated of roccii, dupuyi, nigrocincta, c ^^f ata 
depauperata are all from Genoa. - S he var. florentina Vrty. (3 c) from I uscany (Pian di Mugnone), thi canuta. 
Campagna (Aurunci, Mountains Mount Petrella) is a dainty race, close to roccii with less considerable reduction florentina. 
of spot & 6 of forewings. A from Verity’s collection is illustrated. Here ab. apetmina (Trti.) Vrty. occurs. — apenmna. 
var. 13 vomica Bgff. from the sea-board at Leghorn is larger than roccii with slight inclination to reduction in hvornim. 
spot 6, small spots but regular white borders. The ab. apennina {Trti.) Bgff. and ab. pseudoberolinensis 
(Seitz) Bgff. (see above) are rare and also ab. cingulata (Dziurz.) Bgff. _ linensis. 
From Mounts Sirente and Velino Burgeff describes subsp. dulcis that occurs there and which is larger cingulata. 
on an average than incerta with brighter red and large forewing spots that are narrowly surrounded with 
white in the A and very widely in the $. There is a great inclination towards the form ab. amoena (Stgr.) Bgff. uinoemt. 
(= suffusa Trti. trans.) and also ab. confluens (Dziurz.) Bgff. occurs. The var. amanda Reiss (3 c) joins up 
in easy transitions as a high alpine race from the alpine zone of the Abruzzi Mountains (Gran-Sasso, Majella). 
It is very small with forewing spots less pronouncedly surrounded by white, with less brilliant colour reminding 
one of the mid-European races. The S illustrated is the type. - In Calabria (Reggio) we find the var. calabria calabria. 
Trti. (3 c) which, together with livornica, is the largest of all carniolica races . It has unusually wide wings of 
shining deep black colour with narrower but very regular white surrounds to spots of forewings and fairly 
narrow black margins to hindwings. The reniform spot (6) is present and more or less circumscribed with white. 
The S illustrated is from Burgeff’s collection. Here occur ab. intermedia Trti.: spot 6 absent except for a intermedia. 
narrow white streak; ab. octonotata Trti. (see above) and ab. cingulata (Dziurz.) Trti. - The var. siciliana Reiss octonotata. 
(= sicilica Ragusa) (3 c) from Sicily (Type race from Taormina) has brighter red, the ground colour of forewings ® 
is shining steel blue, spots of forewings are only faintly, almost rudimentarily, surrounded by white. The specimens 
illustrated are the types. 
Rocci names carniolica from the southern plains of the Po (Parma, Reggio in July): subsp. padana. padana. 
It has enlarged spots on forewings, which are fairly widely surrounded by yellowish, the red is of a bright, 
lively scarlet red. The black margin of hindwing is narrow. Thorax with whitish hairs, abdomen more or less 
with red belt. A smaller, daintier parallel generation occurring in September in Turin (Colline del Po), which 
often is paler in colouration than the summer generation, is designated as forma aufumnalis Rocci. - var. autumnalis. 
gradiscana Sid. from the sea-board of Gradisca at end of June has on forewings large darker red spots that gradiscana. 
are irregularly surrounded with impure yellow. Thorax rarely with whitish hairs. Red abdominal belt is present 
but only faintly indicated by a violet stripe. Of this race ab. rubrothoracalis Std. is described with thorax rabrothora t- 
heavily dusted with red. — var. ortobrychoidea Bgff. from Zepce (Bosnia) is the transition to onobrychis ( Schiff.) onobriJc i w C 
Esp. (see later). This race is a brilliant vermilion red with heavy white surrounds to the spots of forewings dea. 
— also in the <§. Frequently a double or treble red abdominal belt occurs. 
II. European race complex, of which the races chiefly show a 
heavy red abdominal belt: In lower Austria, Hungary; Type race from Vienna (Modling) we find 
subsp. onobrychis (Schiff.) Esp. (= carniolica Fuessly, scopolii Rocci) (3 d) which is uncommonly variable and onobrychis. 
has a heavy red belt especially in the $ sex. Particularly large fore wing spots with white or yellowish-white 
surrounds. The specimens illustrated are from Modling. The following aberrations have been named: ab. 
pseudoberolinensis (Stgr.) Bgff. (= vangeli Schultz Vol. 2, p. 444); ab. laticineta Bgff. (see above under valesiae) pseudo- ^ 
with characteristics of onobrychis ; ab. alba Dziurz. is a transition to the form that has not yet been found with i a ti c i nc i a . 
pure white forewing spots, the spots still have red centres. Then ab. confluens Dziurz. (= bohatschi Wgn.) ab. alba, 
amoena Stgr. in Vol. 2, p. 30 (= albomarginata Spul., tricolor Oberth. in Vol. 2, p. 444, assymetrica Oberth.), confluens. 
the specimen illustrated on plate 56 h is a transition to Jclapdleclci ; ab. Klapalecki Joukl. (= amoena Dziurz., klapalecki. 
influens Sterzl) as amoena, but spots 1 and 2 confluent and conjoined by a narrow red streak running along 
costa to spots 3 and 4 that are confluent. Spot 6 coalesces with spot 5 by an enlargement of the surrounds on 
the top and bottom. The red can be even further increased. Further we have ab. vellayi Aigner (see under 
modesta); ab. weileri (Stgr.) Dziurz. ( = ragonoti Gian, in Vol. 2, p. 30, plate 8 f); ab. melusina (Oberth.) Bgff. (see me i us i na . 
under diniensis) ab. totirubra Seiiz (Vol. 2, p. 30, plate 8 f); ab. dupuyi (Oberth.) Bgff. (— transiens Dziurz., dupuyi. 
