ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss. 
weileri. 
securigera. 
diniensis. 
hedysaroi- 
des. 
bicolor. 
melusina. 
dupuyi. 
dinioides. 
albarracina. 
•modesta. 
pseudobero- 
linensis. 
meteor a. 
vellayi. 
confluens. 
flaveola. 
paradoxa. 
diluviicola. 
duponti. 
cingulata. 
berolinensis. 
pseudo- 
modesta- 
cingulata. 
pseudo- 
carniolica. 
verrina. 
leonhardi. 
incerla. 
dealbaia. 
bohatschi. 
tali cl avia. 
camda. 
apennina. 
roccii. 
28 
(. Dziurz .) Bgff.: “Vorbrodt has given a most detailed definition and innumerable name diagnoses to the various 
possibilities of confluence of spots in carniolica. These go into such detail that we have grouped together all 
the confluent forms (including boliatschi Wgn., Vol. 2, p. 30) under ab. confluens Further we have here ab. 
weileri ( Stgr.) Vorbr. (= jurassica Black., Vol. 2, p. 30) and ab. securigera Bgff., in which spot No. 5 of forewings 
coalesces with spot No. 6 as in achilleae. 
The subsp. diniensis H.-Schdff. (Vol. 2, p. 30, plate 8 e) from the Basses Alpes, Maritime Alps is a very 
curious race. Together with yellow borders of the spots of fore wings we generally have a red belt which in the 
B sometimes extends over 4 segments and in the $ sometimes over 3 segments of the abdomen and reminds 
one strongly of occitanica Vill. One cannot reject the possibility that diniensis has adopted the characteristics 
of occitanica. Aberrations occurring here: ab. hedysaroides Trti. without red abdominal belt; ab. bicolor Oberth. 
(Digne) without yellow borders to the spots; ab. melusina Oberth. (Digne) which is inversely marked like fausta 
ab. melusina and ab. dupuyi Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 444) only with white instead of red collar. — Belonging hereto var. 
dinioides Bgff. from the Maritime Alps (St. Martin-'Vesubie, Guillaumes in the upper Valley of the Var) is 
somewhat larger than diniensis, the wings are narrower at the apex with smaller narrower spots bordered with 
yellowish white. The red abdominal belt does not occur so often. This race graduates over to hedysari in Piedmont. 
Without any known connection with the mid european races we have subsp. albarracina Stgr. (Vol. 2, 
p. 30) (3 a) from South-West Aragon and Grenada with pale red spots on forewings with delicate white borders, 
which had best be placed here. The abdomen shows traces of a red belt. It is not impossible that this is a 
relic from the tertiary period and possibly a genuine species. The $ illustrated was caught in Grenada, middle 
of June. 
From the mid Rhine Valley as a type race Burgeff describes subsp. modesta (= onobrychis Borkh., 
carniolica Berge-Rbl.. media Reiss) that also occurs in the Swabian Alb, Franconian Jura, Lower Franconia, 
Upper Palatinate, Hanover, Thuringia and Saxony. The spots of forewings have very narrow white borders. 
The red abdominal ring is absent in the majority of specimens of the mid german races. Forms that occur are 
ab. pseudoberolmensis Bgff. (see above); ab. cingulata Dziurz.-, ab. amoena Stgr. (= philamoena Reiss, trans.); 
ab. meteora Reiss like the former, but at the same time with spots 1 and 2 confluent, suffusing posteriorly 
and conjoined with spots 3, 5 and 6 by a red streak along the costa, spots 2 and 4 faintly conjoined; in ab. 
vellayi Aigner the forewings are covered only by an admixture of white and red scales; then ab. confluens 
(Dziurz.) Bgff.\ ab. weileri Stgr. and ab. flaveola (E.sp.) Bgff. The ab. paradoxa Bgff. has only the 1st, the 
reniform mark and a trace of the 2nd on the forewings. Burgeff separates from modesta the var. diluviicola 
(— media Reiss) from Kaiserstuhl which is larger than medesta, about the size of hedysari, but with thinner 
scaling and generally green or bronze coloured gloss and paler red with inclination to yellow admixture. The 
white borders to the spots are bolder than in modesta. — The var. duponti Rocci (= minor Rocci, carniolica 
Oberth.) from Normandy, North and West France is of medium size with paler red bordering on rosy-red, with 
very large spots on fore wings which are always narrowly bordered with yellowish. Especially spot 6 is very 
large, hindwings narrowly margined with black, abdomen rarely with red belt: ab. cingulata (Dziurz.) Rocci. 
The main race of North Germany is assembled under subsp. berolinensis Stgr. (3 a). The type race 
occurs around Berlin. It is fairly large, rarely with white borders to the spots of forewings, without abdominal 
belt. The name berolinensis can only refer to the north german carniolica. The specimen illustrated is from 
Rudersdorf near Berlin. The following varieties are named: ab. pseudomodesta Bgff. with white borders to the 
spots of forewings; ab. cingulata (Dziurz.) Bgff.; ab. pseudocarniolica Bgff. with white borders to the spots 
of forewing and abdominal belt. — A race from Eberswalde with considerably increased forewing spots 3, 4 
and 5 and often with spots 3 and 4 confluent is named by Burgeff var. verrina. - The subsp. leonhardi Reiss 
(— berolinensis Car.) (3 a) connects with modesta and berolinensis. From Transylvania, type race from Kron¬ 
stadt. It generally has no white borders to the forewing spots, only rarely traces of same are shown. Forewing 
spot 6 is reduced to small red traces around the black veins. It has a strong green metallic gloss on the forewings, 
the white collar is almost absent. Traces of red belt generally perceptible on abdomen. The specimen illustrated 
is the E type. 
In the ligurian and tuscan Apennines, Mount di Mainarde, we find subsp. incerta Rocci (3 b) (= carniolica 
Querci) in July as a mountain race, which according to Rocci occurs in gradations to the races of the plains 
at the sea-board. It is six-spotted, spot 6 rarely reduced, spots with uniform yellowish white borders, hindwings 
with fairly wide margin; general impression somewhat dusky and only slightly variable. The following aber¬ 
rations occur: ab. dealbata Rocci, six-spotted without white borders to forewing spots; ab. bohatschi Rocci : 
spots 3 and 4 confluent; ab. laticlavia (Bgff.) Rocci (see below); ab. canuta Rocci : thorax and scapulae liberally 
haired with white and scaled and ab. apennina Trti. (= wiskotti Calb., pseudoapennina Rocci) without spot G 
on forewings. The illustrated specimens of incerta are from the heights around Florence (from the collection 
of Verity). 
The subsp. roccii Vrty. (= apennina Seitz in Vol. 2, p. 30, intermedia Trti.) (3 b) from the sea-board 
of the ligurian Apennines (for instance near Genoa) is a main race of extraordinarily great variability. The 
main characteristics are the very heavy scaling and occasionally the considerable superficial gloss on the blak 
