ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss. 
27 
The larva of allardi is blue-green and is found in quantities on the food plant Hedysarum pallidum Desf. 
Its markings are limited to 2 dorsal rows of black spots. The hairs are white. The cocoon is boat-shaped, pale 
yellow and faintly glossy, 11 13 mm long and is found hidden near the food plant. On its back there are 
slightly buckled longitudinal ridges and it reminds one, apart from the size and colour, of the cocoon of trans- 
aluina The insect is very swift on the wing and shy and it rests by preference on the food plant. It feeds 
by choice besides on the flowers of the food plant, on the flowers of Onobrychis alba Desf., which is often quite 
covered by the insects. The eggs are placed on the leaves of the food plant in single layers. 
Z. maroccana Rothsch. (2 o) from Mogador in Morocco is described from a $ specimen from the collection maroceana 
of the firm Dr. Staudinger & Bang-Haas. The type illustrated is from the Museum at Tring. It differs from 
orana by its size and the vertical position of spot 6 on the forewings. Spots 3, 4 and 5 have distinct white 
borders, spot 6 without white border. Apex of hindwings rounded. Underside as upperside only paler, head and 
body completely black. 
Z. youngi Rothsch. (3 a), a S was caught above Azrou (in the middle Atlas) at 1800 m altitude m June, youngi. 
It has a faint bluish gloss on the forewings and brilliant red. Spot 2 is enlarged, 3, 4 and 5 almost equally 
large, roundish and faintly surrounded with yellow-white like spot No. 2. Spots 3, 4 and 5 are situate so close 
together that their light borders touch. Spot No. 6 is more vertical than in orana, and is narrow without pale 
surround and relatively widely separated from spot 5. On the underside the spots of forewing are often 
confluent. Antennae with club shape, rounded at tip. Head and body deep black and fairly thickly haired. 
Outer side of legs black-brown. We illustrate the type from the Museum at Tring. 
Z. harterti Rothsch. (3 a) from Azrou in the middle Atlas, at 1300 m altitude, end of May, beginning of harterti. 
June. The marking of spots is approximately the same as of maroccana, but smaller and coloured a dark lose. 
Spots 2, 3, 4 and 5 with narrow white borders, 6 is inclined to be absent in the <J. Hindwings more pointed. 
Underside as upperside only paler. Antennae with heavy clubs. Head and body black and hairy. Side of 
legs outwardly pale brown. ' Illustration according to the types at the Museum at Tring; in this insect perhaps 
we have a subspecies of maroccana. 
Z. carniolica Scop. ( = scopolii Rocci) (Vol. 2, p. 29 and p. 444). The question of dividing up the camiolica. 
carniolica races has been stimulated by a number of critical treatises. Two large race complexes, a western 
and an eastern are easily separable from one another. The chief differences lie m the colouration and marking 
of the insects; carniolica with dark carmine, onobrychis with a more brilliant red going over into vermilion are 
the typical representatives, to which we will revert later on. 
I European race complex, the races of which are m a i n 1 y witho u t 
red belt, only subsp. diniensis (to which we will refer again later on) forms an exception : The type race of 
carniolica Scop, from Carinthia, Carniola and Slavonia is large, with bright colours, without red abdominal 
belt and with no very wide yellowish-white borders to the medium large spots of forewings and with the black 
marginal border of hindwings slightly bulging in the middle. It shows little inclination to aberrations. We have : 
ab pseudoberolinensis Bgff. without yellow-white borders to the spots of forewings; ab. dupuyi (Oberth.) Bgff. 
(see later on) - ab cingulata (Dziurz.) Bgff. with red abdominal belt and ab. confluens (Dziurz.) Bgff. — Burgeff 
separates as a special race the large istrian coastal race from Trieste: var. histria, which inclines to have spot 0 
of forewings reduced in size, then further ab. octonotata (Trti.) Bgff. (see later on). — Further divisions are var. 
gottschee'ina Bgff. with intensive yellow borders, from the neighbourhood of Gottschee m Carniola and var. 
herzegowinea Bgff. with vermilion rather than red spots of increased size on foiewings. Fiequently theie is a 
red abdominal belt or indications of same; from the Vuciabara near Gacko m Herzegowma. — The subsp. 
hedysari Him. (Yol. 2, p. 30, plate 8e)(= carniolica Oberth.) is limited to the southern alps of Piedmont to the 
South Tyrol. Spot 6 of forewings is rudimentary and the bulge in the margin of hindwings is rather wider. 
The ab. cingulata (Dziurz.) Bgff. is not rare in the $; ab. pseudoberolinensis Bgff. is rare and ab. apennina (Trti.) 
Bgff. (= quinquemaculata Vorbr., pseudoapennina Rocci) is very rare and ab. octonotata (Trti.) Bgff. — In the 
mountain race that is connected here var. rhaeticola Bgff. from Filisur in the Grisons (1000 m) has no superficial 
gloss and all spots are reduced. The white borders to the spots of forewings are narrow, but of uniform width. 
The var. mendolensis Dann. from the heights of Mendel with similar racial characteristics is classified heie. 
It has a strong inclination to a reduction of spot 6 on forewings and generally the white borders of the spots are 
wide._Subsp. valesiae Bgff. (= carniolica Oberth.) is somewhat smaller than hedysari with brilliant red inclined 
to yellowish and with widely bordered large forewing spots, of which the middle ones are mostly united by their 
borders and often confluent with shining green-blue ground colour. From the Alps at Valais, the Swiss Jura, 
type race from Martigny-Ville (Valais). Amongst these we find rarely ab. pseudoberolinensis Bgff .; ab. laticincta 
Bgff. with wider white borders to the spots of forewings, so that they coalesce without however producing a 
diffusion of the white scales as in ab. amoena (Stgr.) Bgff., which also occurs. Then we have ab. confluens 
pseudobero¬ 
linensis. 
dupuyi. 
cingulata. 
confluens. 
histria. 
octonotata. 
gottschee'ina. 
herzego¬ 
winea. 
cingulata. 
pseudobero¬ 
linensis. 
apennina. 
octonotata. 
rhaeticola. 
mendolen¬ 
sis. 
valesiae. 
pseudobero¬ 
linensis. 
laticincta. 
amoena. 
