26 
ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss. 
somewhat confluent in the spot area; in May. The illustrated specimens are from the localities named and are 
alluaudi. in the Museum at Tring. — subsp. alluaudi Oberth. (2 n) from Morocco (near Bou-Angher in the middle Atlas 
at an altitude of 2000 m early June). The ground colour of the wings and the whole body are deep black. The 
red is a very lively vermilion. The forewing spots, which are red and often confluent, have no border at all. 
The black margin of the hindwings is wider than in algira, it is separated in the middle into 2 parts by a black 
cone-shaped mark that arises from the middle of the outer margin and penetrates towards the middle of the 
wing. The fringes are brown or black. The specimens illustrated are from Aghbalu Larbi in the middle Atlas 
2100 m and are in the Museum at Tring. 
felix. Z. felix Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 28, plate 7 k) is a genuine species. It occurs with and without a red abdominal 
belt. Classified here are ab. faustula Stgr., Vol. 2, p. 28 (= faustina Allard) with heavy white surrounds to the 
forewing spots and f. mauretanica Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 28, plate 8 a). Algeria, Tunis, Morocco. — Burgeff describes 
andalusiae. from Andalusia the var. andalusiae (= felix Spul.) without a trace of an abdominal belt and with fairly large 
forewing spots with narrow white surrounds. It differs from the african felix by the larger reniform spot and the 
wider and more rounded wings. 
quercina. The subsp. quercina Bgff. (2 n) is very close to being what one would designate a subspecies, one might 
even be justified in classifying it as a separate species. It occurs at Tajura near Sidi Mesri in Tripoli. The insects 
remind one strongly of carniolica and they are smaller than felix. The apices of the wings are more rounded and 
the antennae considerably heavier. The red instead of being vermilion rose, as in felix , is almost carmine. The 
spots of the forewings have wide white borders, spots 1 and 2 are partly separated by the white border. Hind- 
wings with black margin of the usual width, but in the middle of the hindwing margin a cone-shaped mark 
arises that penetrates towards the middle of the wing. Specimens in which this cone-shaped mark is prolonged 
omata. with a sharp point to the median nervure of the wing are named by Burgeff ab. ornata. Abdomen black, 
cingulata. sometimes with faint red belt; ab. cingulata Bgff. The underside of forewings is deep bluish black, spots red. 
From another locality near Sidi Mesri quercina occur in a larger, bolder form with enlarged spots on forewings, 
silvestri. this increase in size being at the expense of the white borders: var. silvestri Romei (2 o). Specimens with 
confluens. confluent spots of the forewings are ab. confluens Reiss. The specimens illustrated of quercina and silvestri are 
original captures by Querci and are now my collection. 
Z. felix is found in June for instance in the immediate surroundings of Batna on hilly country at about 
1000 m above sea level. In the great heat of the middle of the day the insect rests. It is found resting on 
Asperula hirsuta Desf. and various grasses. The eggs are deposited on the leaves of the food plant Astragalus 
nummularioides Desf. in regular order and single layers. The larva is sea-green, almost exactly the same colour 
as the food plant and the only markings are 2 rows of black dots on the back. The white hairs are short and 
fine. The sea-green cocoon is almost always found on the food plant or in its immediate neighbourhood. It is 
shortly boat-shaped, smoothly glossy with scarcely indicated longitudinal ridges on the back. The shell of the 
pupa is dark brown at the thorax, rarely pale brown, in the abdomen it is transparent. Burgeff also found the 
larvae in the south-east of Batna and at Lambessa at 1200 1400 m above sea level on Hedysarum Perraude- 
rianum Cos. The cocoon was never found on the food plant but always hidden elsewhere close by. It is of the 
same form but instead of being sea-green it is brilliant golden-yellow. 
orana. Z. orana Dup. (Vol. 2, p. 30 and p. 444, plate 8 h) is also a genuine species. Algeria (Oran), Tunis and 
limitans. Morocco. The var. limilans Rothsch. (2 o) from the tunisian-algerian coast from Tunis to Philippeville, in May, 
is small, without abdominal belt, very dark ground colour, forewings shorter and rounder. Type from Bone. 
A A is illustrated from the Museum at Tring. Of this race which occurs for instance at Tunis in March and April, 
aidumnalis. parallel generations fly in July and October which Burgeff has named forma autumnalis. The insects are rather 
more boldly margined with yellow than limitans. - Here is classified the var. sardoa Mab. (Vol. 2, p. 30) (2 o) 
occurring in Sardinia. The specimens illustrated are from the collection of Burgeff. Of these have been named: 
pulchra. ab. pulchra Krausse (= suffusa Trti .), in which the blue-black ground colour is partly suppressed by the suffused 
cingulata. yellowish surrounds of the spots; ab. cingulata Trti. with a narrow red abdominal belt and ab. colligata Trti. 
< niligala. con fi uen t spots (1 -3 and 2 — 4). 
lahayei. In Geryville (southern Algeria) and Djelfa subsp. lahayei Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 444) (2 o) is found, in which 
the spots of the fore wings are more boldly surrounded by white than in orana from Oran. Illustration according 
powelli. to Oberthur. In ab. powelli Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 444) the black ground colour of the forewings suppresses the 
contristans. white around the spots. — In subsp. contristans Oberth. (3 a), illustration according to Oberthur, from Zehroun 
"Marocain” the red is an impure rose. A very fine white border, which is often scarcely perceptible, surrounds 
rothschil- the spots of forewings. Larvae on Erophaca baetica according to Oberthur. The var. rothschildiana nom. 
(liana. nov me dia Rothsch., praeocc) from the lake of Sidi-Ali (middle Atlas), 2250 m, has more glossy colours than 
contristans and the size is about the same as limitans. 
altar di. Z. allardi Oberth. (Vol. 2, p. 30, plate 8 i) from the Province of Constantine in Algeria with ab. barbara 
H .-Schdff. (Vol. 2, plate 8 i) follows here. It occurs chiefly from the middle of June onwards, for instance in the 
mountains around Batna at 1000—1300 m above sea level. The name minor Seitz (Vol. 2, p. 30, plate 8 i) 
{minima) is withdrawn. 
