ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss. 
cscalerai. 
manlia. 
nigra. 
fraxini. 
cingulata. 
confluens. 
nigra. 
alba. 
confluens. 
rubescens. 
ornata. 
separata. 
altissima. 
crschoffi. 
truchmena. 
earbuncula. 
formosa. 
mangcri. 
laticineta. 
kavrigini. 
rolhschildi. 
corresponds approximately with that of tamara, also the size. The antennae seem to me weaker and shorter 
than in tamara. The red especially on the forewings is intermixed with yellow (vermilion colour), hindwings 
with exception of the inner angle somewhat transparent, similar to cuvieri. Collar and scapulae red, tamara 
only has a yellow collar, abdominal belt about the same as tamara, only red. Black margins of hindwings fainter 
than in tamara. The $ illustrated was placed at my disposal from the collection of Bang-Ha as. 
Z. escalerai Pouf. (Vol. 2, p. 28) is illustrated on plate 2 i according to Oberthur. 
Z. manlia Led. in Vol. 2, p. 26 and illustrated on plate 6 h is now considered a genuine species, whilst 
Z. cacuminum Christ. (Vol. 2, p. 26, plate 6 k) is classified as a subspecies of manlia. We have to name here ah. 
nigra Dziurz. (Vol. 2, p. 443). 
Z. fraxini Menetr. (= carneolica Freyer, oribasus H.-Schaff.) in Vol. 2, p. 27/28 and p. 443, plate 7 e, 
from Armenia and Central Asia. Sheljuzhko has named the form with red belt ab. cingulata and that with 
confluent spots ab. confluens. — The var. perdita Stgr. (Vol. 2, p. 28) from the Southern Caucasus is added 
here. - - The subsp. scowitzii Menetr. (= sogdiana Ersch .) in Vol. 2, p. 28, plate 7 e is from the Province of 
Ferghana and the Thian-Shan. The ah. nigra Dziurz. has no red abdominal belt and has very small spots with 
little white edging, further ab. alba Dziurz. and ab. confluens Dziurz., both mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 443 are placed 
here. In ab. rubescens Bgff. (= confluens Shelf, trans.) the red spots of forewings are quite suffused and have 
suppressed the white borders, which are presumably more easily influenced, almost completely so that there 
are scarcely any traces of same visible. — Transcaspian sccwitzii and specimens from the Alai region often 
show a tendency to form a traverse band on the hindwings. The black margin bulging almost in the middle of 
the lower hindwing margin in a wide streak up to the costa, dividing thereby the hindwing into two halves: 
ab. ornata Bgff. — Here we place var. separata Stgr. from the southern Fergana (Namangan, Osh) (Vol. 2, 
p. 28, plate 7 e) a uniform race of good size, brilliant colours, with reduced spots. A division of spots 3 and 4 
does not occur in all specimens. — The var. altissima Bgff. (2 i) from the Trans-Alai Mountains (Ak-Bassegha) 
above 2000 m has considerably narrower wings and strongly reduced spots on forewings. The body hairs are 
longer than in all other races and the red abdominal belt is almost extinct in most $<$. The red collar of the $$ 
consists of black intermixed with a few red hairs. 
Z. erschoffi Stgr. in Vol. 2, p. 28, plate 7 f, illustrations 3 and 4 (= olivieri var. Ersch.) is considered a 
species, as also is 
Z. truchmena Eversm. (Vol. 2, p. 28) (2 i) from the southern Steppes of Kirgisen (Samarkand) whence 
the specimens illustrated originate. — Of these Burgeff has separated as var. earbuncula a dusky race with 
very reduced spots from the Syr-Darja region, Baigacum, in July, which is shown by the specimen illustrated 
in Vol. 2, plate 7 g. Spots 4 and 3 are mostly separate, small and roundish, more or less with reddish centres. 
Scaling, especially of hindwings heavier, areas without scales therefore contrasting more strongly, veins with 
red scales as in the type form. 
Besides above we have to mention here the following species: 
Z. formosa H.-Schdff. (Vol. 2, p. 28, plate 7 i) from Pontus, Taurus and Armenia with var. malatiana 
Stgr.-Rhl. (Vol. 2, p. 28, plate 7 h) from Kurdistan and subsp. rosinae Korb from Kulp (Armenia) (Vol. 2, p. 28, 
plate 7 f). 
Z. mangeri Bgff. (2 i) from Afghanistan, Pachmann Mountains, west of Kabul. Spots of forewings, 
hindwings and abdomen, excepting a basal segment, rose-red. Borders of forewing spots pure white. All wing 
areas except red and white parts a deep lustreless black. Margins of hindwings of medium depth in the $, not 
bulging unusually in the middle, very narrow in the $. A double rose-red necklet is present. Legs and scapulae 
are scaled with white. A specimen with 4 black and 3 red terminal segments of abdomen is called ab. laticineta 
by Burgeff. The $ illustrated is the type from the collection of Bang-Haas. 
Z. kavrigini Gr.-Grsh. in Vol. 2, p. 28, plate 7 g, (= rhodogastra Stgr.) from the eastern Bokhara, Pamir 
with var. lcarategini Gr.-Grsh. (Vol. 2, p. 31, plate 7 f, illustration 5) from the Karategin Mountains with less 
red on abdomen and heavier borders to spots. - The var. kohistana Gr.-Grsh. (Vol. 2, p. 28) from the northern 
reaches of the Hissar mountains, Jagnob river, Shaksara also has reduced forewing spots. — glasunovi Gr.-Grsh. 
(Vol. 2, p. 28) can be deemed a nomen nudum. 
Z. rothschildi n. s;p. (2 i). From the museum at Tring I received as haematina a Zygaena B that can be 
briefly described as follows: Black-greenish ground colour of forewings, scarcely glossy, red dark rose, six- 
Note: mitisi Dziurz. mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 26, plate 56 h is to be cancelled, as it is identical with Zutulba (Epizy- 
gacna) ochroptera Feld, or myodes (Vol. 14, p. 29, plate 2 c) from South Africa. 
