16 
ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss. 
turatii. 
uniia. 
depunda. 
rubra. 
cynaroides. 
deannulaia. 
humilis. 
deannulata 
waltharii 
ceriana 
adriatica 
centaur eae. 
manner - 
heimi. 
'inverse. 
ukrainica. 
cynaraefor- 
mis. 
parvimacu¬ 
lata 
privata 
Whilst the mid and east european cynarae like damp, even marshy localities, the southern main race 
subsp turatii Stdfss. (Vol. 2, p. 22 described as ab., £ plate 5 c) (1 1) prefers hot sunny places. The $ illustrated 
originates from Genoa. The larvae of turatii are found only on Peucedanum cervaria, this applies to Genoa at 
the end of May where the perfect insect and also caterpillars were found on the food plant, turatii is densely 
scaled and fairly variable, apparently a purely coastal insect. Ligurian Apennines, Litoral of the Maritime 
Alps, Illyria. The following named forms must be mentioned: ab. unita Rocci : forewing spots 1, 3 and •> as 
well as 2 and 4 confluent ( conjuncta Rocci and semiconjluens Rocci are transitions hereto); ab. depuncta Rocci. 
spot 3 of forewings is absent; ab. rubra Rocci : spots of the fore wing on underside are merged together to a 
blotch of spots (transition semirubra Rocci)-, ab. cynaroides Rocci with completely developed abdominal belt; 
ab. deannulata Rocci with quite black abdomen. — From the upper Yal Bisagno at an altitude of 900 m Rocci 
describes a more thinly scaled dainty race with narrower wings and names it var. humilis. Similarly to this 
main race belong large insects with truncate wing apices, small spots, densely scaled with wide margination 
of the hindwings and red abdominal belt, sometimes absent in the ab. deannulata Rocci (transition semian- 
nulata Rocci). in the $ it can be open on the upperside, from Bolzano (Etscli Valley), South Tyrol, named var 
waltharii (= genistae Galb.) by Burgeff. — A further race var. ceriana Bgff. (2 a) from San Remo (Valley of 
Ceriana) and Mentone, somewhat more sparsely scaled than turatii, larger in size and with wider wings an 
relatively small body. Margination of hindwings wider. Only a part of the $$ show traces of a red belt on the 
underside of the abdomen" The specimens illustrated are from Burgeff’s collection. — The var. adriatica 
Bqif from Dalmatia and Istria (Zara, Salcano, Cologna) is very characteristic, it is similar to the former with 
sparse scaling and very acute wings. The black margination of the hindwings is fainter, some SC and the 
majority of $$ have indications of a red belt on the abdomen. 
Further subsp. centaureae Fisch.-Wald. (Vol. 2, p. 22) (2 a) from the Ural region and the surroundings 
of the Volga. In specimens from Uralsk (caught at the end of June) the chief characteristic, which is usually 
said to be a green superficial gloss, does not occur in all specimens and varies considerably m its intensity. In 
most specimens a 6th conjoined spot is present, all specimens have a brilliant red belt encircling the entire 
abdomen, which in typical cynarae m the $$ almost always and in the $$ frequently is more or less covered 
on the back and under the abdomen by interspersed black scales. The scaling is finer and denser, the red moie 
brilliant inclining towards vermilion. The specimens illustrated are from Uralsk and from the collection of 
Burgeff _ ab ? mannerheimi Chard .: the mannerheimi described and illustrated by Chardin y probably 
belongs to cynarae and not to laeta. According to the illustration these are specimens with widely confluent 
spots on the forewings, but not with inverse markings as in the subsequent aberration. As the locality is given 
as “Sibiria orientalis” this form is meanwhile placed with centaureae. — There is further to be mentioned: 
ab inversa Bgff (= mannerheimi H.-Schdff., praeocc.), from the Urals, it has the red pigment so enlarged that 
actually the forewings seem to show red ground with black spots. — Sheljuzhko considers centaureae as a 
separate species as, for instance near Kieff, where cynarae is widely distributed in woody localities, it only 
occurs about the middle of July at 2 specific spots near the town, where cynarae is not found. This race named 
by Sheljuzhko as var. ukrainica from Kieff is differentiable chiefly by the sparser scaling as compared wit i 
centaureae from Uralsk. The red is brighter and more intensive, the gloss of the forewings more considerable, 
either green or blue. Spot 4 of the fore wings is generally smaller in comparison to spot 3 than m centaureae 
from Uralsk. Here follow: ab. cynaraeformis Shelj., insects similar to cynarae with a round spot 5 of the bre¬ 
wings; ab. parvimaculata Shelj.: spot 4 smaller than spot 3 and the remaining spots also reduced; ab. privata 
Shelj.: spot 4 quite absent, the other spots considerably reduced. The ab. cynaraeformis Shelj. occurs moie 
frequently in connection with ab. parvimaculata and ab. privata than individually. The larva of centaureae 
-eeds according to Zhuravlev exclusively on Peucedanum ruthenicum M. B. 
VII. Subgen. Lictoria Bgff. 
achilleae. 
augsburga. 
rubrcscens. 
Z. achilleae Esp. (Vol. 2, p. 27 and p. 443). The specimen described by Esper originates from Uffen- 
heim in Franconia. As long as the inseots from Uffenheim are not known, the form from the Maine Valley 
(Gambach) must be considered the type raoe. Specimens from the Maine Valley are generally fairly densely 
scaled, the $ very heavily, S rather less, but generally distinctly dusted with yellow. The axe-like mark (5—6) 
is somewhat reduced at the costa of the forewings. The red colour on the forewings is carmine inclining to ver¬ 
milion. The distribution of the species is: mid and south Europe, western and Central Asia (northwards to 
Belgium, east Prussia, westwards as far as Aragon, eastwards as far as the Altai, to the south as far as mid 
Italy, Greece, Mesopotamia), viciae and bellis are both described by Hubner as occurring at Augsburg; the 
name viciae Him. was previously utilised for the uncertain type viciae Schrank-Fuessly. Burgeff therefore 
replaces viciae by ab. (var. ?) augsburga. Among the race occurring around Augsburg there are larger 
individual specimens with brilliant superficial bluish gloss which are denominated ab. bellis Him. The name 
bellis Him. (Vol. 2, p. 27) hitherto used for south tyrolian races loses its justification. Besides the aberrations 
mentioned in Vol. 2, p. 27, we have to mention: ab. rubescens Reiss with almost quite red forewings m the 
