10 
ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss. 
chaos. 
scahiosae. 
divisa. 
confluens. 
flava. 
osterodensis. 
divisa. 
hassica. 
valida. 
validior. 
divisa. 
analiinter- 
rupta. 
curvata. 
Icnuicurva. 
matrana. 
divisa. 
quinque- 
macula. 
asiatica. 
kenteina. 
caucasi. 
This highly interesting Zygaena from the Maritime Alps was discovered in 1910 by Dr. Gieseking and his son. 
The chief characteristic is the completely interrupted streak of spots 3—-5. The forewing spot No. 3 is quite 
small on the upperside, streak-like, spot No. 5 large and almost round: on the underside spots 3 and 5 are 
narrowly confluent. Hindwings quite regularly widely margined with greyish-black to the inner margin. 
II. Subgen. Silvicola Bgff. 
Z. chaos Bgff. (= erebus Romff.) (1 h) is scarcely larger than erebaea Bgff. The antennae are 
club shaped, bluntly truncate or quite shortly pointed. The wings are narrow, pointed at the apex, the point 
itself however rounded. Forewings with more or less interrupted apical marks (spots 3—5). The margin of 
the hindwings is about 1,5 mm wide at the apex; the bodies are heavily haired as in erebaea and the wings with 
long fringes but more sparsely scaled than this species. The genitals are considerably different from scahiosae 
but nevertheless show relationship with it. Quite different from erebaea with which brizae is very similar. 
Georgia (Bethania), Achalzich. The illustrated J emanates from Achalzich (from the collection ol Burgeff). 
Z. scahiosae Schev. (Vol. 2, p. 19/20 and p. 441) is an extraordinarily interesting species on account 
of its position in evolution. Its variability is morphologically so considerable that within the boundaries of its 
geographic distribution the extremes would without a doubt be held for separate species if the many transition 
races did not unite same together. The type race is presumed to occur in the frankish Jura and including in the 
widest possible sense the other races through mid-Germany, as far as they do not vary as stated below. The 
species occurs in the Pyrenees, middle and eastern Europe (with the exception of Great Britain), Scandinavia, 
Finland, Siberia, Pontus, Armenia, Italy, Sicily and the Balkans. The following aberrations in the type race 
have been named: ab. divisa ( Stgr.) Bgff. (= interrupta Reiss, trans.): both streak-like spots widely interrupted 
by black; ab. confluens Spul. with confluent forewing spots; the pale yellow form is ab. flava Dziurz. (= citrina 
Spul., flava Pieszczek in Vol. 2, p. 19). — A larger race occurs in East Prussia (Osterode): var. osterodensis Reiss 
(1 i) with deep black ground colour, densely haired abdomen and reduced red on the fore wings. The upper 
streak-like spot is generally constricted or interrupted by black. The ab. divisa (Stgr.) Reiss occurs fairly 
commonly. A A-cotype of osterodensis is illustrated. - - Much more dainty is the type race mentioned already 
in 1789 by Borkhausen from Rhenish Hessen, which has been found again at Ingelheim and Heidesheim in the 
Rhine Valley. Its chief characteristic is a faint bluish gloss in the $3 : var. hassica Bgff. — At Klingenstein near 
Ulm, Pfullingen, Lauter Valley near Herrlingen, Neuffen in the Swabian Alb we find a larger race (15—15,5 mm 
length of forewings) more densely scaled and in both sexes with a more or less brilliant red colour: var. valida 
Bgff. — Still larger but with paler colours are the scahiosae from the Rhone Valley in Valais: var. validior Bgff ., 
which in the $ sex inclines towards ab. divisa (Stgr.) Bgff. (= mediointerrupta Vorbr.)] length of forewings 
1G— 17 mm. Here we interplace ab. analiinterrupta Vorbr., see later. — Easily differentiable is the var. curvata 
Bgff. from Styria (Thorl, from the Hoehschwab. region) occurring there in masses. It is considerably more 
densely scaled than the type race and has consequently brighter coloured spots on the forewings and hindwings 
which incline towards vermilion. The wings are less pointed at the apex, the costal margin of the forewings 
in the is decidedly convex, scarcely ever concave or straight as in the type race. — Specimens from the 
bohemian central mountains (Neuhutten, Karlstein) have again much more narrow, partly exceedingly narrow 
wings with less heavy scaling, but they show nevertheless the same outwardly curved costal margin: var. 
tenuicurva Bgff. — Specimens from the neighbourhood of Vienna (Fischamend) stand between curvata and 
tenuicurva. — There are a series of rather different races occurring in Hungary which cannot be completely 
classified as yet. The var. matrana Bgff. from the Matra Mountains (500—800 m) in the middle of June, is 
very regularly densely scaled and of a dusky red with a wide margin to the hindwings. All specimens incline 
to have the streak of spots mark 3—5 separated. The ab. d'wisa (Stgr.) Bgff. and ab. quinquemacula Bgff. occur 
here, the stripes of the forewings are subdivided into 5 spots in the latter. 
The subsp. asiatica Bgff. distributed from the Urals to the Kentei Mountains has as a general characteristic 
the obtuse club-like antennae. The type race from the Urals (Sojmonowsk) is considerably more densely scaled 
and brightly coloured than the subsequently described kenteina, especially the <3$ have bright red spots on the 
forewings in a dull black. The specimen illustrated from the Urals (1 i) is from the collection of Burgeff. 
The var. kenteina Bgff. from the Kentei Mountains, north of Urga in Mongolia, is a more transparent race. The 
colouring is a delicate rosy red without the usual admixture of vermilion. The hindwings are almost uniformly 
widely margined. Staudinger described from specimens of this race ab. divisa. — We have to add here the 
var. caucasi Bgff. (= caucasica Spul. n. praeocc.) (4 n) from the Caucasus, Adjara Mountains in Georgia with 
the following characteristics: the antennae with a smooth, stumpy rounded club that arises more suddenly 
than in scahiosae and is more capitate. Apex of forewings somewhat rounded, spot 1—3, 2—4 narrowly con¬ 
joined, the hindwings with very wide margin of black-grey reflected through. A $ from the collection of Burgeff 
is illustrated. 
