8 
ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss. 
normanna. 
incisa. 
furae. 
rubrofim- 
briata. 
reissiana. 
grossmanni. 
plutonia. 
magnal- 
pina. 
parvalpina. 
taurinensis. 
isarca. 
rocciana. 
rubrotecta. 
eryihrusoi- 
des. 
apicefusca. 
fiorii. 
mirabilis. 
bosniaca. 
carsica. 
dojranica. 
rubrianata. 
hellena. 
villosa. 
ingens. 
same locality as ab. paupera. — The races to be mentioned are: var. normanna Vrty. (= purpuralis Oberth.) (1 f) 
from North France (Eure, Pont de l’Arche) one of the smallest races, 3 with slight blue sheen, $ with slight 
silvery sheen on forewings, streak-marks separate and short. The ab. interrupta Stgr. is not rare. A from 
Pont de TArche from Veritys collection is illustrated. Verity defines as ab. incisa of this race specimens 
in which the red at the end of the middle spot of fore wings is extended in a long streak almost to the outer margin. 
Then var. jurae Vrty. from the Swiss Jura (Dombresson at 1000 m) wings very narrow, with acute apex, 
outermargin almost perpendicular. Scaling very sparse, gloss of wings dark greenish in and silvery in 
Size varies considerably. Very variable. The ab. rubrofimbriata Vrty. has pale red fringes to hindwings. 
The East Prussian race (Osterode) is var. reissiana Bgff. (= reissi Bgjf., heringi Reiss) (If) with slenderer 
antennae, distinct superficial gloss and a brighter red than purpuralis. The middle axe-shaped mark approaches 
closer to the margin on the somewhat wider forewings. Abdomen more heavily haired. The $ type is illustrated. 
The name heringi Zell. (Vol. 2, p. 19) is withdrawn as it was chiefly based on a variation in the colour of the 
larvae. Var. nubigena Led. (Vol. 2, p. 19) is limited to the high Alps. Here must be enumerated: ab. grossmanni 
( Riihl) Bgff. and ab. plutonia Vrty. In lower Austria and Hungary we find var. pluto O. (= pythia Him., 
minos Vrty.) (Vol. 2, p. 19). Verity lias designated the race from the high Pyrenees (Gedre, 1U00 m) as 
var. magnalpina. It is fairly large, intensively coloured, ground colour very dark without gloss. The spots of 
forewings especially the middle one are reduced; hindwings with narrow black margination. The var. parvalpina 
Vrty. (1 f) from the Maritime Alps of Piedmont (Valdieri) is a small race with smaller spots on forewings than 
former. The black margin of hindwings is narrow in most but distinctly visible. A from Verity’s collection 
is illustrated. — The var. taurinensis Rocci from the hills around Turin is larger than the former and more weakly 
scaled. The spots of forewings are larger than in the two previous races and the black marginal band of hind¬ 
wings is only faintly indicated. - The Southern Alpine Valleys (Isarco Valley) are the habitat of var. isarca 
Vrty. (= pythia Fuessl.) which are larger than magnalpina and very brightly coloured. The red spots of forewings 
and especially the axe-shaped mark are larger. The red is bright carmine with a touch of yellow. — The race 
from the ligurian Apennines var. rocciana n. nov. (4 m) (= viridescens Bgff.) of which viridescens Rocci is the 
green shiney form, is remarkable. It is densely scaled with brilliant red, the black ground colour is slightly 
shining blue-black. The hindwings have narrow black borders. The specimen illustrated is from Genua. It 
inclines to form ab. rubrotecta Vrty. (= poligalae Rocci) ; erythrusoides Rocci is a transition form. The ab. 
apicefusca Rocci has a heavy black margin at the apex of hindwings. — To be named still is: var. fiorii 
Costantini from the Emilian Apennines with enlarged forewing spots, hindwings have a margin that is parti¬ 
cularly widened at the apex. — The race from Calabria, San Pili, Cosenza, 900 m, is named by Verity var. 
mirabilis (1 f). It is larger and brighter in colour than the former, the spots of forewings are large and very 
expanded. Verity calls this the finest known race of purpuralis', a $ from Veritys collection is illustrated. 
A very characteristic race from the Bosnian Mountains (Vlasic Mountains, 1800 m altitude) is var. bosniaca 
Bgff. (4 n). It is allied to pluto O. but is larger than this race, very densely scaled and of dusky appearance. 
The middle spot of forewings in contrast to pluto is always extended at end towards the margin. The wings are 
generally very wide, hindwings sometimes acute towards apex and with a more or less wide I)lack margin in the <§■ 
The have grey dusting. The specimen illustrated is from Burgeffs collection. — Rocci describes from 
Karst the var. carsica which according to the description resembles bosniaca in general appearance, but it 
appears to be duskier and the black margin at apex of hindwings is 3 mm wide and also the anal edge of 
hindwings has a narrow black margin. — - The var. dojranica Bgff. from Macedonia (Nicolic on the Dojran lake, 
Plagusha Planina, Nicola Valley near Hudowa, Babuna) is a small rosy-red, finely scaled race, especially dia¬ 
phanous in the $. The with decided black margination to hindwings, the 2$ always dusted with yellowish 
white on the forewings and shining bronzelike, very transparent. Both sexes are fairly heavily haired, the $$ 
more or less grey-yellowish on the thorax according to the degree of the yellowish-white dusting of the forewings. 
Similar to mid-european specimens in the formation of the spots, only slightly variable. Rarely we have here 
ab. rubrianata Bgff. - Instead of graeca Tutt, n. praeocc., (Vol. 2, p. 441) from Greece var. hellena Bgff. must 
be substituted. — The var. sareptensis Stgr. in Vol. 2, plate 4 b, originates from Sarepta (South Russia). 
Of the asiatic races we have to name: From the armenian high plateau and the surroundings of Achalzich 
(C'hambobel) var. villosa Bgff. (4 n) from a considerable altitude. The black hairs on body and other parts, for 
instance between the eyes on the head, are longer and at the same time denser than in nubigena. The forewings 
which are very densely scaled for purpuralis have normally formed, brilliant red spots and in many specimens 
have a considerable green or blue superficial sheen. The $$ are dusted with grey. A specimen from the 
collection of Burgeff is illustrated. — Very large specimens from Tiflis are named by Burgeff subsp. ingens 
(1 g). The antennae are dainty, scarcely larger than in the type form. The red spots of forewings narrow 1, 
(3—5—6), (2 —4) separated by the main nervures. Middle spot abruptly cut off outwardly, the part approxim¬ 
ating to spot 6 projecting and well developed. The hindwings with narrow black margin at the apex. The 
Note: Ab. polygalae Esp. (Yol. 2, p. 19) is not an aberration of purpuralis, but of filipendulae with forewings almost 
completely suffused with red. — Vide filipendulae —. 
