100 
PANTAN A; LYMANTRIA. By M. Gaede. 
14. Genus: Pantana Wkr. 
P. pluto Leech. Of this species that was dealt with in Vol. 2, p. 125 we are now giving an illustration 
(8 d). This specimen is from Siao-lu. A somewhat smaller (26 mm instead of 33 mm) and rather paler $ 
from Tien-tsuen probably also belongs here. 
18. Genus: Xjymaiitria Hbn. 
L. dispar L. (Vol. 2, p. 127, pi. 20 d)-. Normal specimens from Andalusia look very different from 
those from Germany, but Ribbe has not been able to decide from the descriptions available whether 
they should be designated as bordigalensis Mab. or disparina Muller. I consider the latter to be the 
fragnarius. more probable and in any case we are illustrating a (8 e). Among these there are single specimens fraguarius 
Pbb. (8 e) in the following form: In the d the inner line of forewings has a paler grey inner edge and the 
outer i/ 3 rd of wing is paler grey with faint darker lines. The central area is darker with sharply outlined 
lines. Hindwings not so dark. Generally the $ resembles the $ by its pale ground colour. The $ is white. 
A black central band on fore wings which occasionally covers the entire central area. The black discoidal 
spot therein has a white areola. Besides this an inner and outer line are generally only indicated at costa. 
The specimens are much smaller than those from Germany. The wool at tip of abdomen of $ is yellowish. 
fasciata. not black-brown as in typical dispar. — fasciata Lamb, has 3 pale grey bands on forewings which are 
clearly outlined by the normal black lines. Of these 3 bands the 1st is near to base, the 2nd in centre 
and the 3rd and largest at margin. It is subdivided there by the normal black line. “A very remarkable 
brunnea. aberration ’. — brunnea P. Schulze. Fore wings of $ dark brown with paler brown patches. Hindwings a nice 
brown. Fringes, especially of hindwings, are not paler than ground colour. Underside is cinnamon brown. -— 
albescens, albescens Mats, is found among japonica Motsch. (Vol. 2, pi. 20), the japanese race. Forewings of $ grey 
white, dark brown at apex and outer margin. Inner and outer lines only distinctly marked at costa. Hind¬ 
wings white, dark brown at costa and apex. Submarginal line of the same colour is interrupted near inner 
margin. This is probably a transition form to the continental forms praeterea and examinaia (8 f). — Among 
the hybrids of dispar and japonica one finds specimens in which the forewing of $ is sooty black, even 
the subterminal line is scarcely discernible. Also hindwings are pure black, and antennae and body are the 
same. The $ thereto is paler. Normal markings are indicated on forewings. Hindwings are black to 
the middle. The black marginal sjDots have grey-white edges and the dark marginal band that is usually 
eremita. present, is absent. Body impure grey, anal wool is coppery brown: eremita Banderm. (8 e). —A form that 
hardly belongs to eremita, but a normal ^ of a hybrid dispar X japonica race produced with a dispar $, 
a form of which the $ was purer yellow than the hybrid A- Also the $ is remarkable by its yellow 
flava. tone. Generally the hindwing is like dispar. It is named flava Banderm. (8f). The reciprocal crossing pro- 
alba. duced eremita. — alba Std. is the race from Istria. It is smaller in $ sex and purer white. Band markings 
on both wings are much reduced or absent. In extreme forms the discoidal spot and marginal dots can 
be absent. It appears to be only an extreme form of the andalusian fraguarius. There is no description of 
asiatica. the <£. — asiatica Wnulc. (8 e, f) is the asiatic race and of course larger than the european, especially the 
?■ The <$ is paler grey-brown, forewings with scant black-brown markings. In the $ the ground colour is 
yellowish, markings of forewings much reduced, cpiite absent on hindwings. On forewings only a few spots 
in cell, on the upper veins and occasionally on the marginal veins. On hindwings marginal spots may be 
absent. Southern central and eastern Siberia. We are illustrating here a pair ex the Puxgeler Collection, 
which are not large, but nevertheless perhaps belong to asiatica. The larvae fed on Pinus larix. Also spe¬ 
cimens from Mo-sy-mien in the British Museum correspond well with our illustration of asiatica. — In 
obsoleta. single <$ of asiatica the marginal band on hindwings is absent, these are named obsoleta Wnuk. — A still 
unicolor, more extreme form is unicolor $ Wnuk. in which also on forewings the black-brown markings are missing. 
ochracea. ■— ochracea Wnuk. has ochreous brown ground colour and can occur in the obsoleta and unicolor forms. 
Fortunately the 9 is n °t favoured with these names. To what degree asiatica and its subforms differ from 
the following, it is difficult to ascertain until more material is available. In view of the general variability, 
praeterea. the differences will not be material. — praeterea Kard. (8 f) is in point of size between the european and 
japanese. r l he <$ has pale brown forewings, base and marginal area darker. Inner and outer lines delicate 
but distinct. A dark spot in cell, at end of same an angular streak, a spot at base. Hindwings dun. The 
is more yellow than in Europe, but paler than in Japan. Markings are very scant or absent. Fringes of 
forewings with black spots, hindwings almost devoid of spots. 45—48 mm, $ 70—77 mm. Ussuri. —Among 
examinaia. this race there are occasionally pale $: examinata Kard. (8 f), without transverse line and with a dot and 
comma mark in cell, base only faintly adumbrated. Therefore a form like the §. It is however not ex¬ 
cluded that these specimens are worn and that this has brought about the faintness of the markings. 
iransiens. L. monacha L. (Vol. 2, p. 128, pi. 20 g). In transiens Lamb, the forewings of $ are black with a cen¬ 
tral row of 7—8 white dots. Hindwings suffused with black. Head is white, tegulae red, patagia black 
with white edge. Abdomen white with black rings. The $ has also base of forewings white and at margin 
