ACOSMERYX; RETHERA; GURELCA. By B. Gehlen. 
147 
in the subdorsal, so that this appears to be formed of arcs. Spiracles carmine red to red-brown, with a white 
spot above and below. True legs pale grey, black outwardly at base. Horn grey-green, convex and pointed. 
Pupa dull red-brown on dorsum, faintly glossy, underside pale grey-brown with paler and darker markings; 
cremaster gradually decreasing in size and elongated. Tip dull but glossy, generally visibly bifurcated. — ab. 
submarginalis Mats, differs from the type by having a reddish yellow band beyond the postmedian band and .submar yi- 
the outer marginal area is darkened. 
25. Genus: Acosmeryx Bsd. 
A. naga Mr. (Vol. 2, p. 251, pi. 39 c and Vol. 10, p. 550). This species which was hitherto known from narja. 
N. India and Japan has now also been found by Mell in S. China, as was to be expected. About the early 
stages, the following is now known: Ova longer than wide, generally glossy brilliant green, more rarely pale 
green; apparently generally deposited in pairs. Larva pale green: back and sides with dense whitish or yel¬ 
lowish dots; subdorsal anteriorly white, in the 3rd segment yellow and beyond same bluish white, narrowly 
blue-red at upper edge and above same dark green; dorsal only on head, double, indistinct and pale. 7 
whitish green oblique stripes, extending to subdorsal. True legs impure pale brownish with black base. Horn 
short, convex and pointed. — The larva feeds on Ternstroemiaceae, probably also on Vitaceae. 
A. castanea R. <fc J. (Vol. 2, p. 251, pi. 39 e and Vol. 10, p. 551). The larva is apparently monochrome castanca. 
green; subdorsally white, in 4th segment yellowish and from thence with narrow but very distinct red edge 
on upperside, in the horn segment however widely white without red. Underside dull chocolate-brown, only dull 
pale greenish between the legs. Horn green, convex, 7 mm. True legs impure brown, black at base. — Food 
plants as for A. naga and Saxifragaceae. —- According to Mell hibernated specimens differ from summer 
forms: the former are larger and have much brighter colouration and markings; the darker shades are dark¬ 
er and the paler shades more bluish grey-white. Summer specimens from the same locality (Yokohama) are 
more brown and markings diffuse. Specimens from S. China form a geographical race, they are much paler 
than the main type from Japan. (For further particulars compare Vol. 10.) 
20. Genus: Retie <era R. & J. 
R. komarovi Christ. (Vol. 2, p. 251, pi. 39 b) subsp. drilon Rbl. & Zerny. The species, which hitherto drilon. 
was only known from Asia, was recently unexpectedly also discovered in Europe, at Brutti on the Drin in 
Albania, where it is found in subspecies drilon. It is smaller than the main type form from Transcaspia. Ground 
colour of forewings dark olive green, edges of marginal area more sharply marked, strikingly edged with black 
on inner edge. The white central band is more distinct and extends clearly to hind margin. Discoidal spot in¬ 
tersected by rusty transverse line. Ground colour of hindwings is ochreous without the rusty suffusion of 
the main type. Black submarginal line is much more distinct. Underside of wings not rose as in type but a 
rich claret colour, inner marginal areas of wings rusty yellow. The white hairs on tegulae seem to spread 
wider.. Abdomen appears to be shorter and forms a sharper point in and $• 
27. Genus: Gurelea Ky. 
In regard to the distribution of this Genus, it is remarked that it does not only occur in Asia, but 
also in America. Clark has ascertained 2 mexican species (vide Vol. 6, p. 885). When the 2nd Volume was 
published only 2 asiatic species were known, namely hyas Wkr. and masuriensis Btlr. Meanwhile a 3rd species 
G. montana R. & J. (Vol. 10, p. 554) has been discovered and finally Dr. Jordan has ascertained that G. 
himachala Btlr., which had hitherto been held to be synonymous with masuriensis Btlr., is a separate distinct 
species to which subsp. sangaica Btlr. (which until this discovery was considered a subspecies of G. masuricnis 
Btlr.) belongs. There are now therefore 4 asiatic species known, namely G. liyas Wkr., masuriensis Btlr., 
himachala Btlr. and montana R. A J. ; of these G. himachala has a second subsp. G. himachala sangaica Btlr. 
A separation of masuriensis and himachala has become necessary because Major F. B. Scott has bred both 
species and ascertained that the larvae of the two sorts are dissimilar. The species described in Vol. 2 as G. 
masuriensis Btlr. is actually G. himachala Btlr. and the subspecies G. masuriensis sangaica mentioned there 
is really G. himachala sangaica Btlr. — In regard to the early stages and biology Mell has also here been 
able to supply details. Food plant of the asiatic Gurelca species is Paederia tomentosa Bl. The larvae are never 
on climbing branches, but always only on loose bits on the earth or adhering to rocks and which during the 
day are exposed to the full rays of the sun. 
G. hyas Wkr. (Vol. 2, p. 251, pi. 40 g and Vol. 10, p. 554, pi. 64 d). — The ground colour of the larva hyas. 
varies considerably, from brilliant green through all shades of grey-green to earthy grey and quite dark black- 
brown. Subdorsal lines from segment 2 to 7 pale, however very distinct from segment 8 to the horn. Horn 
