h imachala. 
sangaica. 
purpureo- 
signata. 
masurien¬ 
sis. 
mo nt ana. 
148 SPHINGONAEPIOPSIS; PANACEA. By B. Gehlen. 
0,5 mm long, dull green, black-brown on top with end cut off straightly. — Pupa pale parchment yellow to 
ivory coloured; cremaster with various forked spines standing out laterally. 
G. himachala himachala Btlr. (= [Lophura] erebina Btlr.) (Vol. 2, p. 251, designated there as masu¬ 
riensis Btlr.). From N. W. India, the Himalayas, Bhutan, Khasia Hills, Cherrapunji. — subsp. sangaica Btlr. 
(Vol. 2, p. 251, pi. 40 g) (designated there as well as in Vol. 10, p. 554, as a subsp. of masuriensis). From China, 
Corea, Japan and Formosa. — Larva of very variable colouration and marking as in hyas, horn however 16 mm 
long, tip forked; 10 tubercle bristly segments. True legs dull grey. — Pupa very similar to that of hyas. — ab. 
pmpureosignata Class. The uppersides of the palpi are a nice crimson, as also are a spot on the centre of 
the head and the edge of the collar. 
G. masuriensis Btlr. More grey than himachala , the anal angle of forewings is shorter, the hindmargin 
is not so deeply excurved as himachala ; the black marginal band of hindwings is wider anteriorly and not 
so clearly outlined there, the black-brown colouration extends in rays into the disc; the yellow area is paler, 
especially on the underside. Anal tergite more compressed than in himachala , the sternite less wide and grad¬ 
ually tapering off to a point. Harpe spatuliform, concave on upperside. Aedeagus at the end with a distinct 
ridge, ending in a sharp hook on both sides. 
G. monfana R. A J. ( = saturata Mell) (12 d) from Thibet and West Yunnan is similar to himachala , 
Imt somewhat larger; body greyer, palpi without yellow. Wings longer and narrower. Outer margin of fore¬ 
wings, especially behind the 1st radialis more heavily dentate than in the other species; also hind margin and 
anal angle more deeply excurved. Ground colour of forewings a nice silky ashy grey without the red-brown 
shades and streaks of the other species. Ihere is a dark postdiscal band which has a clearcut outward white 
edge. The subapical spot forms 4 sagittate marks pointing inwards. On hindwings the dark marginal band 
tapers off posteriorly like in h. sangaica, being more diffuse, black-brown, extending considerably at apex 
and at the costal margin it extends basally to the inner fold; apical lobe grey-blue inwardly edged with black. On 
underside the forewings are dark brown to the postdiscal stripe, which is brownish or buff at hind margin. 
Hindwings ashy brown-grey. Anal area is pale straw-buff without distinct outline. — Larva is green with 
lateral dorsal stripes over the entire length, which enclose a rusty brown patch behind the horn; where the 
yellow oblique stripes intersect, the colour is rusty red. The spiracles are white and “8” shaped with black 
outer edges. True legs reddish. Underside posteriorly rusty brown. Horn of medium length, slightly inclining 
forwards, dull grey with a pale ring in the middle, the tip forked. The pale ring on the horn, its bifurcation 
in the full grown larva, the dark colouration of the ventral anal segment and the rusty red patch behind 
the horn in a green Garden larva are characteristic of this species. 
28. Genus: Spliiugonaeplopsis Wllgr. 
According to Mell the larvae are similar to those of Garden , but unicoloured green or brown with 
simple or predominant longitudinal stripes. Horn is longer than in Guretea, straight or faintly curved upwards; 
spiracles as in Gurelca. — Pupa of the southern Chinese species similar to that of Garden but immediately 
distinguishable from same by the black streakings. (Pupae of the other species of the Genus have not yet 
been described.) (In regard to this Genus see also Vol. 10, p. 555 and Vol. 14, p. 377.) 
29. Genus: I*auacra Wkr. 
Of the many Panacra species none was known from palaearctic territory until 1926, nevertheless a 
number extend almost into same. The area of distribution is indo-australian. In 1926 Clark discovered a sub¬ 
species in I zekou, China and Gehlen described one from N. W. India and these are so far the only repre¬ 
sentatives in palaearctic territory. The genus is fully dealt with in Vol. 10 (p. 551—553) and has the following 
characteristics: large head and very sleek and pointed abdomen of the <$<$. Palpi large. Antennae of 
setiform, of $ slightly thicker distally, hooked tip short and truncate; the last segment is narrow, longish 
and conical not filiform, with long seti-fimbriatae (as Theretra). Abdomen terminating with a tuft of hair. 
Spurs of central tibiae almost equally long, those of hind tibiae very unequal, the longer ones being about 
as long as the second tarsal joint. Middle tarsus with brush of hair. Paronychium and pulvillus are present. 
Ova longer than wide with rusty spotted lines (no other Sphingidae ova are known with markings). Larva 
green with longitudinal stripes, tapering off anteriorly; laterally a small ocellus on the 4th segment. Ac¬ 
cording to Mell the larvae repose in an immovable and extended attitude during the day, resembling a twig 
and they do not change their attitude on being disturbed or attacked. —- The pupa is a curious pale bone- 
grey or stone-like grey-brown with speckles of lichen-green and thereby closely resembling its surroundings; cre¬ 
master wide in the shape of a drake’s bill. 
