184 
GANGARIDES; PHALERA; PYGAERA. By M. Gaede. 
virgata. illustration however the $ does not differ from fulva. — virgata DM. has a dark discal area. — A dark brown 
pair in the collection of Pungeler with fairly distinct yellow transverse lines, the from Sicily, the $ from 
Vienna have not yet been denominated. 
sutschana. P. sutschana 0. B.-Haas. (14 f ) This has much wider wings. The tooth or lobe on inner margin 
seems to be absent. Antennae and neuration are typical. At base of antennae there are striking yellow 
tufts of hair. Forewings reddish brown. The outer line is distinctly marked and yellowy the inner line much 
less clear. Hindwings grey with indistinct pale line. Fringes however are brownish. $ 32- 34 mm. Sutschan. 
37. Genus: Gangarides Mr. 
G. dharma Mr. (Vol. 10, p. 609). The form puerariae Mell (Vol. 10, pi. 80 a) has, as was indicated in 
Vol. 10, a somewhat rosy hue on hindwings and a white spot at inner margin of the postdiscal line of fore- 
corccmus. wings. — coreanus Mats, is a sub-form that does not vary materially. It has a yellow hindwing, the white 
spot appears to be absent. In rubens Mats, the hindwings are pale red, so that this form can scarcely be 
differentiated from puerariae. Both are from Corea. 
38. Genus: Phalera Hbn. 
nigrofas- P. bucephala L. (Vol. 2, p. 312, pi. 47 d). nigrofaseiata Kiefer (= fasciata Kais.) denotes specimens 
* at 0 . i n which the dark brown band on hindwings, which normally is only faintly marked on underside, is boldly 
vaupercula. marked on upperside. — paupercula Steph. on the other hand has also not got this band on underside. On 
forewings the yellow-white central spot is very small and in the large apical patch the ochreous brown 
stcphani. dentate stripe is very faint. — stephani Ernst has exceptionally large yellow oval apical patches that 
nanula. extend inwards, the two double transverse lines are absent, except for minute traces. — nanula Steph. denotes 
small specimens of 20—22 mm wing length. — dejecta Std. is another name for dwarf forms. The defective 
philonica. markings mentioned for the latter, will probably not be better in nanula. — philonica Std. from Istria is 
a sub-form to bucephalind Stgr. 1 lie pale inner margin of forewings does not appear to extend as far as 
the base. On hindwings the discal band is present on upperside, but in the original drawing it is not 
velaia. visible. On underside the hindwings also have a fairly definite band. - velata Dhl. from the South Tyrol 
has a dark band on underside of forewings, but the basal area before same is duskily brown. On upperside 
the form resembles tenebrata-demaculata Strd., only it is much larger than same, as is customary with southern 
forms. — tenebricosa Stertz is about the same as demaculata, it is described from Petrograd. A 9 specimen 
in the Pungeler collection from the Alexander Mountains has a pale olive-brown forewing, somewdiat of the 
same shade as the costa of doerriesi (Vol. 2, pi. 46 e), but markings are normal. Hindwings very yellowish, 
about like the inner margin of bucephala as illustrated on pi. 47 d. 
efllorcscens. Ph. bucephaloides O. (Vol. 2, p. 312, pi. 47 d). efflorescens DM. is an abnormal specimen in which 
the yellow central spot in forewings extends to and merges with the costa. Also the pale spot at anal 
angle is more extensive. 
or cigar a. Ph. ordgara Schaus. Thorax of normal colouration, abdomen brown with white segmental edges. 
Forewings mouse-grey, darker in cell and along costa to the postdiscal line. At base a black oblique streak 
to the inner margin and another short line. Inner line delicately marked, black, vertical and undulate. 
Outer line also fine, double the two sections being widely separated, from behind the cell at vein 4 to the 
centre of the inner margin. Beyond same between vein 3 and costa dark grey striations to the submarginal 
line. The latter is faiil}- wide, white, from costa vertically to vein 4, beyond same there are small dentate 
black spots. Between vein* 4 and 3 it is incurved and merges with an undulate white line from the apex; 
below vein 3 it changes to a narrow dark grey line. Marginal line cinnamon brown and black, enclosing 
white spots. Hindwings dark brown and also with white marginal dots. $ 60 mm. Ta-tsien-lu. 
39. Genus: Pygaera O. 
As the wing contour is completely different in timonides, argentata and denticulata, these should be 
placed in the Genus Gonoclostera Btlr., more especially as the larva of timonides is also not a Pygaera larva. 
Perhaps Plusiogramma Pimps, is identical with Gonoclostera. 
P. timonides Brem. (Vol. 2, p. 313, pi. 47 f.). A $ from North Corea has forewings as dusky in the 
usually pale patches, as normally the dark patches are and these latter are then almost black. It corres¬ 
ponds approximately to the illustration of denticulata in Vol. 2, pi. 56 d. Also the hindwing is darker than 
normal. As only the one specimen is known to me, I am not giving a denomination. 
argentata. . P. argentata Oberth. (15 e) resembles the previous species in its wing contour, but the outer margin 
is still somewhat dentate. Thorax and forewings are dark chocolate-brown from base to beyond the centre. 
