Addenda: ZYGAENA. By H. Reiss. 
261 
Lederer, at considerable altitudes. Wing contour like carniolica. Body blue-black. Collar and a narrow 
complete abdominal belt pale carmoisin red. Club of antennae fairly heavy. Forewings with 6 pale carmoisin 
red spots, shaped as in carniolica , the surrounds not being paler. The two spots at base (1 and 2) confluent, 
extending to costa and inner margin, the two central spots (3 and 4) similarly confluent, the lower one 
being larger and situate obliquely outward. Spot 5 is small, spot 6 shaped as in carniolica. Hindwings pale 
carmoisin red with narrow blue-black margin which expands at apex and inner angle. — The subsp. cacuminum 
Christ, (p. 22) captured on Thymus in July on the stoney plateau and high precipices near Shahkuh, has 
according to Christoph a close resemblance to this manlia. The only differences are a decided reduction in 
the spots and more pronounced hairiness. These characteristics may be caused by the higher altitude as 
compared to that of manlia. The illustrations in Vol. 2, pi. 6 k show too bright a red, it should be a dull 
rosy red. Head, thorax and abdomen are black with faint steely blue or green sheen. Legs black, the fore¬ 
legs glossy yellowish (almost golden) on inner side. Collar and narrow abdominal belt, that is complete on 
underside, are rosy red. In <J the belt is absent on upperside. Forewings thinly scaled, bluish or greenish 
black with 6 dull rosy red spots. Two (1 and 2) at base, the upper one of which extends to a point and 
is triangular in shape, the lower one is larger and rounded off posteriorly. These two spots cover the some¬ 
what larger upper half of the wing, somewhat as in Z. lonicerae. Of the two small central spots (3 and 4), 
the smaller upper one (3) is situate not far from costa, exactly in centre of wing, the lower larger spot (4) 
is somewhat further posteriorly and incurved, slanting slightly obliquely inwardly. Spot 5 is xathei largei 
than spot 4 and spot 6 is the largest of all and oval. Hindwings with blue-black margin as in manlia. There 
is the possibility that manlia and cacuminum merge in one another at certain altitudes near Astrabad and 
Shahkuh. So far I have not succeeded in ascertaining what the manlia, captured by Christoph near Ordubad 
look like. 
The subsp. turkmenica Reiss (= manlia Bang-Haas i. 1.) (16 i), the race from Jablonowka, Achal- turkmeni 
Tekke occurring in July at around 2000 m altitude and differing from manlia and cacuminum by the generally 
narrower and more pointed wings. Forewings have a faint bluish (in the greenish) metallic gloss, the red 
being a somewhat brilliant carmine rose. The abdominal belt, that is complete on underside, is of the same 
shade. Spot 6 is always fairly widely attached at its lower angle to spot 5 and sometimes also at upper 
angle along the vein. Similar specimens were obtained at Askhabad and Arwas in Transcaspia. The type 
ex my collection is illustrated (16 i) (as turkmena). 
p. 23, line 25 from top. Z. lydia Stgr. (16 k) also belongs to the group of Zygaena that resemble cuvieri. 
It is probably very close indeed to cuvieri, being captured according to StaHdinger at the same place and 
time. Apart from the smaller and more dainty form, it only differs from cuvieri (for instance from Hadjin) 
by the absence of the abdominal belt and the wider margin of the hindwings. The type race occurs mid May 
near Malatia. The ground colour is a somewhat transparent, generally blue glossy black. The spots are car¬ 
mine rose to rosy red. The basal spot (1 and 2) extends as in cuvieri from costa to inner margin. The longish 
central spot (3 and 4) gives the impression af a completely confluent twin spot. In one of the original types 
of StaHdinger (?) the central spot is confluent with the basal spot, as often occurs in cuvieri. The outer 
spot (5 and 6) is generally just as large or even larger than the central spot and irregularly oval. On under¬ 
side the spots are also present, although not so distinctly outlined. Hindwings are faintly transparent carmine 
rose, somewhat as in cuvieri, but with margins like graslini, not heavier. The red collar is narrower than 
in cuvieri. One could conjecture that lydia might have evolved as a species from an intermixing of cuvieri 
and graslini. In Yol. 2, pi. 7 a the typical hydia from Malatia was no doubt illustrated, but the antennae, which 
in build resemble those of cuvieri and are only more dainty, are not well executed and the red of the illus¬ 
trations is rather too bright. A $ and $ of the original types in the Staudinger collection are illustrated 
(16 k). 
Besides this somewhat larger type race from the neighbourhood of Malatia, StaHdinger mentions 
in his description a series of similar specimens from Hadjin (captured end of May) which represent a distinct 
mountain race and which I separate as subsp. hadjinensis Reiss (16 k). I am illustrating the <J type ex the hadjinen- 
StaHdinger collection and the $ type ex my collection. According to 2 ex fh e Stax dinger collection 
and my $ in conjunction with the particulars given by Staitdinger in the original description of lydia, hadji¬ 
nensis is distinguishable by its smaller form, shorter, thinner antennae having lighter clubs with somewhat 
rounded tips and by the rudimentary red collar. Further there is a considerable reduction in the spots ol 
forewings, so that especially in the the formation of the spots resembles graslini. Besides hadjinensis has 
a much more densely haired thorax and abdomen. Ground colour with faint bluish gloss. The red of spots 
of forewings and the hindwings is pale rose. The main distinguishing features from graslini are the rudiment¬ 
ary red collar and the fact that in spite of the reduction in the spots, the basal spot (1 and 2) regularly 
stretches from costa to inner margin, whilst in graslini races it never extends to the inner margin. 
