12 A TRANSLATION OP THE KEDDAII ANNALS. 
applied to a man who can by supematual means assume any shape 
lie pleases. A Buddhist Priest of Siam acquaints me that it is a 
title bestowed on a military chief—and also signifies a person who 
can preternaturally change his appearance. 
It is of course derived either from the Bali or Sanscrit. 
It will be found further on that I have advanced sufficient evi¬ 
dence to prove that the Settlement of Keddah by a foreign colony 
may be admitted. 
Now this was one of the periods when the people of Calingara, 
probably the Calingee of Ptolemy ( ] )—called to the eastward 
Klings—were engaged in expeditions to the Straits of Malacca 
and to Sumatra, and one of these approached close to Keddah. 
Kaiinga means “ the coast of creeks.” West Kaiinga stretched 
from Cuttaca on the W. to the west mouth of the Ganges. 
Central Kali'nga comprised a large Island in the embouchure of the 
Ganges Maco Calinga was the country of the Magas or Mugs— 
or Chittagong, and perhaps, some adjacent parts. ( 2 ) Kaiinga 
included what is now Orissa and Cuttack. Tanjore was called 
Chofa. It was from Kalinga or Orissa that the tooth of Buddha, 
now the chief relic in Ceylon, was procured by King Mahasen of 
that Island in AD. 275 ( 3 ) It is related in the S ajar a M&'ayu 
or Malayan annals (which were translated into English by Dr 
Leyden) that Raja Suran of Bijanugur invaded the Peninsula of 
Malacca with a large force of Klings—first attacking the state of 
Gftnga Nagara or Perak ” (which adjoins Keddah on the South,) 
and afterwards subdued Johor. His son Bichitram Shah headed 
subsequently two separate expeditions. In the first he had 20 
vessels—but he was wrecked in the Sea of Silbow, and half of his 
fleet was lost But he got back afterwards. 
Mali a, means in Sanscrit, it need scarcely be observed, exalted 
great, superior, &c. 
Bangsa is a Sansctit term for tribe—race—lineage—caste. It 
has been adopted by the Malays according to its original orthogra¬ 
phy ; but by the Siamese and the Achinese it has been converted 
into Wongsa and Wangsa. Thus in Siam the P.briya Wongsa is 
a high Judicial Officer—and another man of official rank is termed 
Wongsa Sovrisak, while in a Siamese M.S. in my possession of 
date 1591 Sakarat Era, or A. D 1053, one of the general’s name 
was Chau Fbriy& Intlia (or Indra) Wongsa, and in A. D, 1015 the 
reigning Prince of Achin was entitled Maha R&j& D’herma Wang- 
sa. Both these nations have doubtless derived this word from the 
Pali or Magadhi language—for the ancient history of Ceylon, so 
ably translated and commented on by the late The Hon’ble Mr 
Tumour, is termed the Mahawamo —which the original Native 
Author of that work adverts to in these terms, “ Mahawanso is 
C) Asiat. Res. C. vol. VIII. 
(*) Do. vol. IX p. 81 et seq. 
( s ) Col. Sykes' No. Xfl J. T« R, A, S. 
