10 A TRANSLATION OF THE KEDDAH ANNALS. 
The Girgassi, who were without a Raja, had only Panghulus 
or Officers with them. (5) 
When all had been prepared, Mkhawangsa took up his 
abode in the Palace along with his wife,( to) and had also his 
effects conveyed to it from the ship, and all the mantri or 
ministers of state, the hulubalang or body guards, and the 
para penghaw£ or warriors, erected dwellings in gardens 
surrounding the Raja's abode and fort, and daily paid their 
respects to him. 
When the report of this settlement having been formed 
had gone abroad, traders and strangers came from other 
regions to trade there, assembling in multitudes ; and the 
good sense and conciliatory demeanour of the Rajh. towards 
his chief men and the ryots, caused them to live in ease and 
plenty. Numbers of people also, with their families, came 
to live under his rule. From month to month* from year to 
year, the population of ryots continued to increase greatly. 
Thus the Raja became secure upon the throne, and his pru¬ 
dence and liberality, his wisdom and justice increased his 
fame. 
NOTES. 
( 1 ) By Rum ( r ) or Rumi ihe nations to the eastward of Hin- 
dostan have generally meant Constantinople, and sometimes its 
(m) The is here stated to have landed his wife, no children being alluded 
to, which requires to be noted. 
Such a large and populous establishment encourages the hope that tra¬ 
ces of it may yet be discovered when the country becomes cleared from its 
dense forest, if not sooner. The wars which have during the past twenty years, 
nearly depopulated Keddah, are now happily over, and that fine province may 
in time recover some of its former prospeiity. It is pretty clear from the fore¬ 
going passage that Srai was at the period therein alluded to very populous, and 
also that it lay in one of the tracts of commerce. I may remark that the his¬ 
torian applies Hindu and Javanese titles to M<Ib&w&ngs<i.’6 officers, the same as 
aie bestowed at the present day by the various Malayan people to the eastward. 
At the time of settling this colony there were many noted trading marts at no 
great distance from it. There were Achin, Singhapura, Pegu, and the Tenas- 
serim ports, Menangkabu and its sea port in Sumatra, and other places along 
the East Coast of that Bplendid Island, of which Perlac was then probably one, 
as it was iri Marco Polo’s time, for he visited it in 1292-3. Then there was 
Java, with its Hindu population, the Eastern Islands—specially China and its 
Tributaries. 
MAhAw^ngsd’s wife is specially mentioned by the Author of this history, as 
having arrived with him at Keddah, so she was quite at home with her kindred 
race the GirgdssL But such vessels as then navigated these seas can hardly be 
supposed to have any of them carried more than from 200 to 300 persons. 
This would be a sufficisnt nucleus, and was doubtless increased by subsequent 
unnoted emigrations from India. 
( T ) Rom—was or is the Turkish Empire—or that of the Seljuka of 
Iconiura—Asia minor—Anatolia. Mondid, Diet. 7. 
