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LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE OF 
country given in Ugana-Bali, Bali Angka , “ the shoot of 
heroes,” is a very beautiful denomination of the holy land, 
and one which expresses the bold spirit of the nation. 
Crawfurd and Raffles first drew attention to the great 
importance of Bali in a religious and scientific respect. 
After their time little progress was made towards a know¬ 
ledge of the island, and we have considered the Balinese, 
from their wanting that courtesy which the Javanese exhibit 
(which however only shows their submissive character) as 
a rude uncivilized people, from the knowledge of whom not 
much was to be expected. We cannot indeed say that the 
loh* le population of Bally in arts, (wherein they clearly are 
behind,) or in science, stand above the Javanese, but the 
priests bring before our eye the stage at which they stood 
before the introduction of Mahoinedanism on Java. They 
are also the only remaining preservers of the old literature 
and religion. 'J o them must every one repair who desires 
the elucidation of the Kawi. They are the expounders of 
all laws and institutions ; and of the knowledge of antiquity 
they have scarcely lost or forgotten any thing from their 
faithful adherence to traditions. 
In the expression of Javanese and Sanscrit letters by 
Dutch letters we have used the French-Dutch system, 
which, particularly as concerns the palatal letters, comes 
nearest to the real pronunciation of the inhabitants of Java 
and Bali. 
Should circumstances permit, the writer hopes, after some 
time, to follow up this preliminary account by an extended 
work on this remarkable island. 
LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE. 
The language of Bali, like that of Java, is divided into a 
High and a Low, the first being spoken by the lower to the 
higher orders, and the last by the higher to the lower. The 
high Language is nearly pure Javanese, but it does not 
entirely agree with the present High Javanese. It possesses 
many words which now belong to the Low Tongue of Java, 
while other High Javanese words cannot be used in it with¬ 
out giving offence. It is thus easy for a Javanese to 
understand the High Language of Bali, but he is not able 
to speak it with purity. The Low Tongue, on the other 
hand, has very little in common with the Javanese, and it 
agrees more with the Malayan and Sundanese, so that it is 
easily learned by men from western Java. This language 
is that of the original inhabitants of Bali before the arrival 
