178 
A TRANSLATION OP THE KEDDAH ANNALS. 
NOTES. 
[8] The Malayan Rajas are generally attached to field sports. 
The Krean is the only large river betwixt Kedda and Perak. But I 
am not aware of any lake enclosing islands in that direction. It may 
possibly allude to the Dinding islands close to the mouth of the 
Perak river, or to some tract near or at Bruas river. Perak is admit¬ 
ted by the Chronicle to have been at this period well peopled, and if 
the Malayan annals are to be trusted it was so at a very early period. 
In these it is stated that Manjong or Perak was a great country, 
and gave to Acheh or Achin its first King who was named Polong^ 1 ) 
but Acheh received from Champa a King of the same name, 
which creates a doubt here as to the identity of this last Polong. 
In the Achinese annals (Malayan) we find that Sultan Mansur- 
shah the Raja of Perak was raised to the throne of Achin in A, M. 
985 or A. D. 1,607: Marsden gives the date at 1567, but does 
not I believe quote any authority. Bruas on a river of that name 
seems to have been the capital. The people are very illiterate and 
I could not when there get from either the Raja or his subjects any 
account either oral or written of the antient state of their country. 
In the Malayan annals however we find that the celebrated Raja 
Suran or Smin of Amdan Nagara or Bijanuggur in the Peninsula 
of India ( 2 ) when he invaded the Malayan Peninsula, arrived first 
at Gunga Nagara in Perak. If Kedda had then existed he, 
supposing that the prominent features of the narrative are correct, 
would most likely have conquered it first. The Raja of Gunga 
Nagara had his fort on a hill, steep in front, but of easy access in 
the rear and situated on the Dinding river, now perhaps the Perak 
river, although the country is very level until we ascend far up the 
river. The Raja was named Gungi Shah Juana. I may observe 
here that the Malayan Raj&s from the earliest times of their inter¬ 
course with the west have used and now use indiscriminately both 
Indian and Persian Titles. The invader attacked this fort, and it 
seems that no fire-arms were employed, bows, arrows, swords and 
spears only being mentioned. It is not stated by what route this 
Army of Suran came, but it must have been by sea. Manjong is 
another name given to Perak, or part of it, in these annals, but 
neither it nor Gunga Nagara, literally the country of Ganges, are 
terms now in use. 
[9] Patani .~This country comprises a considerable area. Its 
population it is believed has been greatly reduced during the last 
century, and does not now exceed a tythe of what it once was. It 
was antiently one of the most populous principalities on the Penin¬ 
sula. The Malayan annals shew that Patani was conquered by Siam 
during the reign of Sultan Mahomed in about A.D. But it must have 
(9 Malayan Annals C. YIII. 2 Phriya Turin, is a high officer of the Sia¬ 
mese Army. “ ' . 
(*) A Siamese title. 
