ON CORAL REEFS AS A CAUSE OF FEVER. 432 
From the experience of my friend Mr J. C., himself a 
sufferer, and from what was related to him during his 
sojourn at Ampanan, it must be considered unhealthy, more 
especially to those who live on shore. Few vessels visit the 
place without leaving one or more of their crew in the “ white 
man’s grave” ; nor is it to be wondered at, when all the 
circumstances are considered. An open beach of sand, a 
number of houses surrounded by cocoa and other fruit trees, 
a stream of fresh water, and behind all, far as the eye can 
reach, ranges of paddy fields. The fever of Ampanan seems 
to arise from the paddy fields, as I believe there are no coral 
reefs adjacent ; but bad as it is in point of unhealthiness, it is 
nothing to Labuan Triang, or the cove which is within a few 
miles of the open roadstead of Ampanan. There the anchor¬ 
age is formed and surrounded by coral reefs exposed at low 
wat“r, while on the land we have jungle but little paddy 
cultivation, high hills behind retaining the malaria exhaled 
from the reefs, so that of those who have visited it none have 
escaped, and fool hardy is he who ever ventures there. On the 
other side of the island is the town of Lombok which is consi¬ 
dered healthy, it being free from coral reefs. To the south 
the coral commences and extends to the next port called 
Pedgue which abounds with it, and which port on the autho¬ 
rity of Captain Knudson is considered unhealthy, but that 
has been denied by a gentleman lately a visitor here who has 
resided there for some time. 
The island of Bali, which lies betwixt Lombok and Java, is 
considered as generally healthy, although the Dutch troops have 
lately found it to be the contrary, but it would be unfair to attri¬ 
bute all their sickness to the climate, while the Commissariat, 
hard work, and disasters, must come in for their share ; at all 
events the district of Bali Badong,where the Messrs Lange have 
been long established, is undoubtedly healthy. In this locality 
we have neither paddy fields to any extent nor coral reefs, but 
cross the promontory to Pantie Cunor where ships sometimes 
go for repairs &cc., here fever is again found though of not so 
violent a kind as at the “cove” at Ampanan, and here we also 
meet with coral reefs exposed but not locking in the harbour 
to such an extent as at the cove. Many other situations 
amongst these islands, would illustrate my theory but my ob¬ 
ject is to diffuse the illustrations so as to show the extensive 
applicability of the theory. 
The next island to Lombok is Sumbawa which is so little 
known that I will quote a short description of it by Mr 
Earl from a Parliamentary paper, consisting of “ Copies 
and Extracts of Correspondence relative to the establishment 
