TOUR PROM SOURABAYA, THROUGH KE.DIRI, &C. 543 
cess is represented as enveloped in a handsome damasked dress 
and a handmaid stands beside her holding 1 the siri box. The same 
description of open chariots with spoke-wheels are drawn by horses 
—there is a man on horse-back, seated on a saddle with his gar¬ 
ments streaming around him ; the horse is clad all over in armour 
or at least a housing which covers the whole body from the chest 
to the rump. Parts of buildings and of open galleries are repre¬ 
sented but the perspective is bad, such as we see in Chinese 
drawings'; the chiseling and execution itself is neat and minute. On 
the eastern side, opposite to this, may be still seen the remnant of a 
car drawn by a horse at full speed, and near it a large human 
figure is kicking away one demon-monster, whilst it catches another 
in its left hand, as it comes to it through the air. 
We have now surveyed the whole of the ruins and antiquities of 
Sing’o Sari, said formerly to have formed the seat of an indepen¬ 
dent native government, contemporaneous with Janggolo and 
Kediri, being in fact one portion of the dominions of Dewa Kasu- 
ma, which he divided amongst his children after their return from 
India, previous to the 1000th year of our era. Of the parti¬ 
cular adventures of its princes, however, we know nothing, and 
were it not for these remains, the very existence of such a state 
might be disputed. Here, however, still stares us in the face the 
indisputable evidence that once flourished a prosperous and quiet 
community who united their efforts and their skill to rear and ac¬ 
complish these wonderful works of art. The instructors and guides 
have clearly been Hindus, worshipers of Siwa, who have left behind 
them so many monuments of that peculiar sect. There is presump¬ 
tive evidence that all the statuary here found, has been executed 
upon the spot. Not to mention the bulk of some objects, which 
precludes all idea of their having been brought from abroad, the 
stone from which they are cut, is invariably some variety of the 
trachyte whieh constitutes the formation of the country. It has been 
denied that this is the case, argument being held that the statues 
have been cast in moulds and made of some asphaltic composition. 
But an examination of the stone itself refutes this, entangled nodules 
of harder varieties being son e times seen, as is the case with other 
rocks of the country, which they resemble, and of which they are 
a selection of the soundest and hardest variety. Besides this there 
are the imbedded crystals of glassy felspar and hornblende which 
speak for themselves. The white colored variety does not effer¬ 
vesce under acids; here also the imbedded and decomposing 
green crystals bespeak its igneous origin. On showing spe¬ 
cimens of both stones to the gentlemen of the Geological Society 
in London, they unhesitatingly pronounced them of volcanic 
origin, and laughed at the idea of supposing them compositions of 
human art. 
The etymology of Singo Sari gives us no clue to its history, it 
is Sanscrit as is usual on such occasions, and implies the Lion- 
Y y y 
