236 TUB LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE OF 
it to be much older; in 46 years the lontar-1 eaves have 
already become much injured and it seems to prove what is 
said also of Indian manuscripts, that they cannot survive 
100 years. 'I his probably is also one of the causes that in 
Java, in so short a time, almost the whole of the ancient 
literature was lost, and that when the desire for the old 
literature was revived, hardly any of the old manuscripts 
could be discovered. In Bali also we must not look for very 
old manuscripts; however those which are guarded and 
transcribed in the families of the priests, may almost be 
considered as original, since in these families the know¬ 
ledge of language and religion is preserved with the minutest 
care. Some faults are of course also possible here. 
The place where the manuscript was written is Swetytya - 
nayara, also called nagara Sulcaivati , situated in the kingdom 
of Gianjar, We have noticed abave that Badong has also a 
Sanscrit name (Bandanapura) ; this is the case with all 
distinguished places in Ball; one place has even two nearly 
accordant Sanscrit names. SiiJcawati is the city abounding 
in pleasure— Swetytya-nagara the city of well-being. We 
perceive here again how far the Indian element, and thereby 
the Indian language, has penetrated into Ball. However all 
those places have also Polynesian names for the populace— 
the Sanscrit ones are frequently known to the princes and 
priests only. 
The name Bar at a Yudda was formerly translated <e pe¬ 
nance—combat” and commonly written Braid Yudda ; brata 
find -vrata) is penance , and the heroes of the combat acquir¬ 
ing perfection by penance, the explanation had appearance 
in its favour. But we find in the manuscripts of the priests 
of Bali constantly Bdraia Yudda, with the capital b (follow¬ 
ing DeGroot) corresponding to the Sanscrit bh, and followed 
by the f dung (or tarung), representing the long d; the 
name cannot therefore be brought into accordance with 
brata which originated in vrata. B&rata as we find it 
written, signifies however “ a descendant of Bharala” (the 
old Indian ruler of the universe), and we have thus in our 
work iC the combat of the descendants of Bharata.” Now the 
Kurus and the Pandawas are descendants of that ruler, 
ai.d nothing can be more appropriate than such a title for the 
work. This explanation has already been offered by Raffles, 
but the reasons which render it irrefutable we first learned 
from the good Balinese manuscripts. 
The conclusion agrees much with that of the Rdmdyana and 
is Sanscrit: Ong Sri devyebyo namah ong t’mung Ganapataye 
