321 A translation of the keddaii annals. 
of Raja Bersiyong’s son when lie was raised to the seat of autho¬ 
rity. But after all the fus§ which was made about this Raja’s 
tusks they never piotruded beyond his lips. The four chiefs 
governed during that period with the advice seemingly of the 
Queen's nr ther a3 she was consulted when the letter was written 
to Siam. The term applied to the wife of the Raja, is Raja pe- 
rampuan, literally female Raja. When the Raja is independent 
it was Queen Regent. The Siamese have from a remote period 
employed Brahmans for astrological purposes and to inspect the 
horoscope 
It may be proper to remark here that where our author puls 
Persian or Arabic expressions into the mouths of his interlocutors, 
we must, I think, give to him the sole credit of them, at least 
until the period of the conversion of the people to Islamism. 
Raja Bersiyong disappeared and was never again heard of, at least 
our author never again mentions him as if alive. Hence whenever 
at this day the outline of any old fort exists on this coast, and the 
Malays are asked about its origin, they at once assign it to the 
above Raja. We find Siam now called Tiga Buah Nigri—the 
three countries, meaning, I suppose upper, central, and lower Siam, 
Chapter X, 
It is related that there was a Raja named Kalana Hetam, 
who resided in a small island called Pulo Ayer Tawar, or 
(C the island of the ft'esh water ”~because it was surrounded 
by a lake of fresh water.* 1 The situation of this island is 
to the east of the country of Kalungi. Now this country 
of Kalungi would not submit to the sway of the south , 
or Siam, nor would the latter acknowledge its superiority. 
Accordingly he [ the Raja of Kalungi doubtless ] began to 
assemble a body of men from many different tribes, such 
as the Samang, the Bila, otherwise Hill Bila and Ryots , 
and the Hill Ryots. He gave titles to all the chiefs of these 
tribes, and ordered them to assemble around the lake with 
their respective forces. There were present Maha Raja Dar ul 
Alum, who commanded the Samangs, and Malid Raja Dar 
ul Salam, who had command of the Bila. Then the Cap¬ 
tain of the Hill Ryots was named Dar ul Gunong, and 
the chief of the Sakai tribe he named Maha Rdja Jakja- 
koocha Raja. 
* I am not aware of any lake being in tliat direction, although I travelled up 
to the mountains, the barrier towards Siam. There is on the map a small lake 
not named with a town called Gnanffvue marked down. I passed up the river 
leading to it from Kret stockade, but was brought up by rapids. There may 
be a lake perhaps, or an island of the Martaban river may have been meant. 
