623 GENERAL REPORT ON THE RESIDENCY OP SINGAPORE. 
with the western stratified portion of the island by a thin band or 
zone, that crops out from under the alluvial portion, and resting on 
the granitic between Kallang dale and Bukit Seligi. Further that 
Pulo Ubin is entirely of plutonic origin, while the remaining islands 
of Tikong are mostly sedimentary, with strata very much tilted up 
and displaced. 
The strata of the sedimentary portion of the Residency are non- 
fossiliferous—much that would interest the observer is consequently 
awanting. A few specimens of petrified Crustacea and other sea 
animals, have been found lying on the surface near the sea shores 
amongst ferruginous gravels, or on rocks over which diluted oxidized 
iron percolates in the vicinity of the residency, and a fossil tree is 
reported by Dr Bland to exist on the eastern coast of Jchore near 
Sidili. There are no valuable minerals found on the island of 
Singapore—tin is likely to exist as it is found in great quantities 
on Banka, and at Malacca whose formations are analogous. Steatile 
is found imbedded in the soft arenaceous rocks of the Red Clifts, 
bisulphurate or iron pyrites are found imbedded in the strata of 
Pearls’ hill in small quantities. Iron stone rubble is found in most 
parts, in thicknesses varying from 2 feet to | an inch, at a depth 
of 1 to 6 feet from the surface of the soil. This layer of ironstone 
I have not observed to take the form of the true laterite of the 
Indian Geologist, though it is generally termed so here, but I have 
observed it on Bukit Pungur in the Malacca residency, where the 
natives cut it up for building purposes into square blocks, and which 
ould be adapted to all the purposes described by Lieut. Fr. Outram 
B. E, to which it is put in the southern Con can.* The laterite I have 
observed to be much modified, by the subtrata on which it may lay;, 
in ferruginous earths or rocks it contains a large per centageof iron, 
and has the appearance of being much scorified while on the poraus 
arenaceous earths of the eastern part of the island, there is a great 
absence of iron in the gravel layer, and in some places it takes the 
form of quartz angular pebbles. An interesting,subject remains to be 
noticed in the grooved granitic rocks of Pulo Ubin wdiich are situated 
near Pinang Rawang,—these have been elaborately described by Mr 
J. R. Logan the Editor of the J ournal of the Indian Archipelagof. I 
cannot attempt to do justice to the original description in this report, 
not even a short abridgement can be given. The author says that 
these rocks occur in granitic masses varying from 20 to 50 feet in 
height, and have none of the crystalline prismatic structure of basaltic 
cliffs. They present an extraordinary appearance from the beach, 
having their sides grooved and fluted and presenting regular furrows 
and ridges, sometimes taking the form of ancient temples rudely 
sculptured, with ranges of colossal mishapen images—many of the 
grooves do not exceed a few inches in depth and breadth, but 
others are 2| feet deep and 2 feet broad—one was observed 6 feet 
* Tran's. O. Engineers of G. Britair. 
t Trans : of tlie Batavian Society oi Arts and Sciences. 
