88 
GEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SINGAPORE. 
and sandstone, soft, very whitish, green¬ 
ish, yellowish &c.,. 1 ft, 6 in. 
5. More indurated & waving reddish, green¬ 
ish, yellowish, brown and white clays, 2 to ft. very 
disorted. 
G. Shades of blue and brown clays,. 1^ to 2 ft. 
7. Greenish soft sandstone,. 1-^ ft. 
Behind the Institution there was a hillock about 40 to 50 feet 
high, but which, since the period when I examined it has been 
quarried and carried off for building. It well exemplified the 
effects of the upheaving force alluded to. It lay on a flat sandy 
level and was composed of large acute angled masses of red and 
grey sandstone, mixed with, or supported by, white and red clay 
The softer sandstones seem both at “ Oxlers Hill” and at Tan- 
ti 
jqng Pagar to abut against the sandy strata now superior to them. 
Thus there will haye been two contrary forces exerted, one up¬ 
ward, the other horizontal. 
What I have termed red sandstone forms but a fraction of the 
whole series of strata, and its colour is neither intense nor uni¬ 
form, passing into lake, dark brown and very light brown tints. 
According to Captain Franklin, the new f red sandstones of Bundle- 
khund includes the laterite which is found reposing on the first 
rock or red marie. I shall have perhaps occasion hereafter to re¬ 
vert to this account, as I at present incline to the belief that an 
extensive formation which I have traced to the north of Pinang, 
bears a dose analogy in point of position to the New Red sandstone. 
The exposed blocks lose in time their external colour, which 
changes to a whitish or a light yellow tints,—such prevading to se¬ 
veral lines or even an inch in thickness,—owing I suppose to some 
chemical combination with oxygen of the iron contained in the mass. 
The very dark colored stratum rapidly decomposes into a yellow 
clay; although, when fresh* from the quarry, it is applicable to 
building. 
The blocks do not seperate into lamellar fragments, but into 
unequal ones,—the harder sort yielding with difficulty to the ham¬ 
mer and requiring gunpowder to break them up,—thus resem¬ 
bling old transition sandstone. 
Frequent rounded masses of a white or grey sandstone, and of 
